The Recovery of Debts and Bankruptcy Act, 1993

{
    "id": 12979,
    "slug": "recovery-of-debts-and-bankruptcy-act-1993",
    "title": "The Recovery of Debts and Bankruptcy Act, 1993",
    "short_title": "The Recovery of Debts and Bankruptcy Act, 1993",
    "act_number": "(51 of 1993)",
    "act_year": 1993,
    "act_type": "CENTRAL",
    "location": "India (Central)",
    "law_status": "unknown",
    "enactment_date": null,
    "description": "The Recovery of Debts and Bankruptcy Act, 1993",
    "preamble": "",
    "section_label": "Section",
    "sections": [
        {
            "number": "1",
            "title": "1. Short title, extent, commencement and application.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "Object & Reasons▼\nStatement of Objects and Reasons.\nAmendment Act 1 of 2000-Statement of Objects and Reasons.\n(i) the Act does not contain provisions for set-off, counter-claims or transfer of cases from one Tribunal to another;\n(ii) the Act has placed the Tribunals on a pedestal higher than the High Court in respect of monetary jurisdiction; and\n(iii) the judiciary has been given no role in the appointment of Presiding Officers.\n(i) set-off and counter-claims, appointment of Receivers and Commissioners by the Tribunal, transfer of cases from one Tribunal to another and appointment of more than one Recovery Officer in a Tribunal;\n(ii) empowering the Tribunals to issue certificate for recovery of enhanced or reduced amount on the basis of the final order of the Appellate Tribunal; (iii) empowering the Chairperson of the Appellate Tribunal to appraise the work of Presiding Officers of Tribunals and discharge functions of the Chairperson of another Appellate Tribunal; (iv) the transfer of recovery certificate from one Tribunal to another Tribunal to facilitate recovery; (v) empowering the Tribunals to distribute sale proceeds among the secured creditors in accordance with the provisions of section 529-A of the Companies Act; (vi) the laying of notifications issued under sub-section (4) of section 1, section 3 and section 8 of the Act before Parliament.\n(iii) empowering the Chairperson of the Appellate Tribunal to appraise the work of Presiding Officers of Tribunals and discharge functions of the Chairperson of another Appellate Tribunal;\n(iv) the transfer of recovery certificate from one Tribunal to another Tribunal to facilitate recovery; (v) empowering the Tribunals to distribute sale proceeds among the secured creditors in accordance with the provisions of section 529-A of the Companies Act; (vi) the laying of notifications issued under sub-section (4) of section 1, section 3 and section 8 of the Act before Parliament.\n(v) empowering the Tribunals to distribute sale proceeds among the secured creditors in accordance with the provisions of section 529-A of the Companies Act; (vi) the laying of notifications issued under sub-section (4) of section 1, section 3 and section 8 of the Act before Parliament.\n(vi) the laying of notifications issued under sub-section (4) of section 1, section 3 and section 8 of the Act before Parliament.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 0
        },
        {
            "number": "2",
            "title": "2. Definitions.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) Appellate Tribunal means an Appellate Tribunal established under sub-section (1) of section 8;\n(b) application means an application made to a Tribunal under section 19;\n(c) appointed day, in relation to a Tribunal or an Appellate Tribunal, means the date on which such Tribunal is established under sub-section (1) of section 3 or, as the case may be, sub-section (1) of section 8;\n(d) banks means\n(i) a banking company;\n(ii) a corresponding new bank;\n(iii) State Bank of India;\n(iv) a subsidiary bank; or\n(v) a Regional Rural Bank;\n[(vi) a multi-State co-operative bank;] .\n(e) banking company shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (c) of section 5 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949);\n[(ea) Chairperson means a Chairperson of an Appellate Tribunal appointed under section 9;]\n(f) corresponding new bank shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (da) of section 5 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949);\n[(g) debt means any liability (inclusive of interest) which is claimed as due from any person by a bank or a financial institution or by a consortium of banks or financial institutions during the course of any business activity undertaken by the bank or the financial institution or the consortium under any law for the time being in force, in cash or otherwise, whether secured or unsecured, or assigned, or whether payable under a decree or order of any civil Court or any arbitration award or otherwise or under a mortgage and subsisting on, and legally recoverable on, the date of the application [and includes any liability towards debt securities which remains unpaid in full or part after notice of ninety days served upon the borrower by the debenture trustee or any other authority in whose favour security interest is created for the benefit of holders of debt securities or] ;]\n[(ga) \"debt securities\" means debt securities listed in accordance with regulations made by the Securities Exchange Board of India under the Securities and Exchange Board of India Act, 1992;]\n(h) financial institution means\n(i) a public financial institution within the meaning of section 4-A of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956);\n[(ia) the securitisation company or reconstruction company which has obtained a certificate of registration under sub-section (4) of section 3 of the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002 (54 of 2002);]\n[(ib) a debenture trustee registered with the Board and appointed for secured debt securities;]\n(ii) such other institution as the Central Government may, having regard to its business activity and the area of its operation in India, by notification, specify;\n[(ha) \"financial lease\" means a lease under a lease agreement of tangible asset, other than negotiable instrument or negotiable document, for transfer of lessor's right therein to the lessee for a certain time in consideration of payment of agreed amount periodically and where lessee becomes the owner of the such assets at the expiry of the term of lease or on payment of the agreed residual amount, as the case may be;]\n(i) notification means a notification published in the Official Gazette;\n(j) prescribed means prescribed by rules made under this Act;\n[(ja) Presiding Officer means the Presiding Officer of the Debts Recovery Tribunal appointed under sub-section (1) of section 4;]\n[(jb) \"property\" means-\n(a)immovable property;\n(b)movable property;\n(c) any debt or any right to receive payment of money, whether secured or unsecured;\n(d) receivables, whether existing or future;\n(e) intangible assets, being know-how, patent, copyright, trade mark, licence, franchise or any other business or commercial right of similar nature, as may be prescribed by the Central Government in consultation with Reserve Bank;]\n(k) Recovery Officer means a Recovery Officer appointed by the Central Government for each Tribunal under sub-section (1) of section 7;\n(l) Regional Rural Bank means a Regional Rural Bank established under section 3 of the Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976 (21 of 1976);\n[(la) \"secured creditor\" shall have the meaning as assigned to it in clause (zd) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002;\n(lb) \"security interest\" means mortgage, charge, hypothecation, assignment or any other right, title or interest of any kind whatsoever upon property, created in favour of any bank or financial institution and includes-\n(a) such right, title or interest upon tangible asset, retained by the bank or financial institution as owner of the property, given on hire or financial lease or conditional sale which secures the obligation to pay any unpaid portion of the purchase price of the asset or an obligation incurred or any credit provided to enable the borrower to acquire the tangible asset; or\n(b) such right, title or interest in any intangible asset or licence of any intangible asset, which secures the obligation to pay any unpaid portion of the purchase price of the intangible asset or the obligation incurred or any credit extended to enable the borrower to acquire the intangible asset or licence of intangible asset;]\n(m) State Bank of India means the State Bank of India constituted under section 3 of the State Bank of India Act, 1955 (23 of 1955);\n(n) subsidiary bank shall have the meaning assigned to it in clause (k) of section 2 of the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act, 1959 (38 of 1959);\n(o) Tribunal means the Tribunal established under sub-section (1) of section 3.\nChapter II\nEstablishment Of Tribunal And Appellate Tribunal\nEstablishment Of Tribunal And Appellate Tribunal",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": true,
            "sort_order": 1
        },
        {
            "number": "3",
            "title": "3. Establishment of Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 2
        },
        {
            "number": "4",
            "title": "4. Composition of Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) authorise the Presiding Officer of any other Tribunal established under any other law for the time being in force to discharge the function of the Presiding Officer of a Debt Recovery Tribunal under this Act in addition to his being the Presiding Officer of that Tribunal; or\n(b) authorise the judicial Member holding post as such in any other Tribunal, established under any other law for the time being in force, to discharge the functions of the Presiding Officer of Debts Recovery Tribunal under this Act, in addition to his being the judicial Member of that Tribunal.]",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 3
        },
        {
            "number": "5",
            "title": "5. Qualifications for appointment as Presiding Officer.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[6. Term of office of Presiding Officer.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 4
        },
        {
            "number": "7",
            "title": "7. Staff of Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 5
        },
        {
            "number": "8",
            "title": "8. Establishment of Appellate Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 6
        },
        {
            "number": "9",
            "title": "9. Composition of Appellate Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 7
        },
        {
            "number": "10",
            "title": "10. Qualifications for appointment as [Chairperson of the Appellate Tribunal] .",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) is, or has been, or is qualified to be, a Judge of a High Court; or\n(b) has been a member of the Indian Legal Service and has held a post in Grade I of that Service for at least three years; or\n(c) has held office as the Presiding Officer of a Tribunal for at least three years.\n[11. Term of office of Chairperson of Appellate Tribunal.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 8
        },
        {
            "number": "12",
            "title": "12. Staff of the Appellate Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 9
        },
        {
            "number": "13",
            "title": "13. Salary and allowances and other terms and conditions of service of Presiding Officers.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 10
        },
        {
            "number": "14",
            "title": "14. Filling up of vacancies.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 11
        },
        {
            "number": "15",
            "title": "15. Resignation and removal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) in the case of the Presiding Officer of a Tribunal, made by a Judge of a High Court;\n(b) in the case of [the Chairperson of an Appellate Tribunal] , made by a Judge of the Supreme Court,",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 12
        },
        {
            "number": "16",
            "title": "16. Orders constituting Tribunal or an Appellate Tribunal to be final and not to invalidate its proceedings.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "Chapter III\nJurisdiction, Powers And Authority Of Tribunals\nJurisdiction, Powers And Authority Of Tribunals",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 13
        },
        {
            "number": "17",
            "title": "17. Jurisdiction, powers and authority of Tribunals.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the Tribunal shall exercise, on and from the date to be appointed by the Central Government, the jurisdiction, powers and authority to entertain and decide applications under Part III of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016.\n(b) the Tribunal shall have circuit sittings in all district headquarters.]\n[17A. Power of Chairperson of Appellate Tribunal.\n(i) direct the Tribunals to furnish, in such form, at such intervals and within such time, information relating to pending cases both under this Act and the Securitisation and Reconstruction of Financial Assets and Enforcement of Security Interest Act, 2002, or under any other law for the time being in force, number of cases disposed of, number of new cases filed and such other information as may be considered necessary by the Chairperson;\n(ii) convene meetings of the Presiding Officers of Tribunals periodically to review their performance.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 14
        },
        {
            "number": "18",
            "title": "18. Bar of jurisdiction.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "Chapter IV\nProcedure Of Tribunals\nProcedure Of Tribunals\n[19. Application to the Tribunal.\n[(a) the branch or any other office of the bank or financial institution is maintaining an account in which debt claimed is outstanding, for the time being; or]\n[(aa)] the defendant, or each of the defendants where there are more than one, at the time of making the application, actually and voluntarily resides, or carries on business, or personally works for gain; or\n(b) any of the defendants, where there are more than one, at the time of making the application, actually and voluntarily resides, or carries on business, or personally works for gain; or\n(c) the cause of action, wholly or in part, arises:\n(a) state particulars of the debt secured by security interest over properties or assets belonging to any of the defendants and the estimated value of such securities;\n(b) if the estimated value of securities is not sufficient to satisfy the debt claimed, state particulars of any other properties or assets owned by any of the defendants, if any; and\n(c) if the estimated value of such other assets is not sufficient to recover the debt, seek an order directing the defendant to disclose to the Tribunal particulars of other properties or assets owned by the defendants.]\n(i) to show cause within thirty days of the service of summons as to why relief prayed for should not be granted;\n(ii) direct the defendant to disclose particulars of properties or assets other than properties and assets specified by the applicant under clauses (a) and (b) of sub-section (3A); and\n(iii) to restrain the defendant from dealing with or disposing of such assets and properties disclosed under clause (c) of sub-section (3A) pending the hearing and disposal of the application for attachment of properties.]\n(ii) where the defendant makes a disclosure of any property or asset pursuant to orders passed by the Tribunal, the provisions of sub-section (4A) of this section shall apply to such property or asset;\n(iii) in case of non-compliance of any order made under clause (ii) of sub-section (4), the Presiding Officer may, by an order, direct that the person or officer who is in default, be detained in civil prison for a term not exceeding three months unless in the meantime the Presiding Officer directs his release:\n(i) is about to dispose of the whole or any part of his property; or\n(ii) is about to remove the whole or any part of the property from the local limits of the jurisdiction of the Tribunal; or\n(iii) is likely to cause any damage or mischief to the property or affect its value by misuse or creating third party interest,\n(B) Where the defendant fails to show cause why he should not furnish security, or fails to furnish the security required, within the time fixed by the Tribunal, the Tribunal may order the attachment of the whole or such portion of the properties claimed by the applicant as the properties secured in his favour or otherwise owned by the defendant as appears sufficient to satisfy any certificate for the recovery of debt.\n(a) appoint a receiver of any property, whether before or after grant of certificate for recovery of debt;\n(b) remove any person from the possession or custody of the property;\n(c) commit the same to the possession, custody or management of the receiver;\n(d) confer upon the receiver all such powers, as to bringing and defending suits in the Courts or filing and defending applications before the Tribunal and for the realization, management, protection, preservation and improvement of the property, the collection of the rents and profits thereof, the application and disposal of such rents and profits, and the execution of documents as the owner himself has, or such of those powers as the Tribunal thinks fit; and\n(e) appoint a Commissioner for preparation of an inventory of the properties of the defendant or for the sale thereof.\n(i) the costs incurred for preservation and protection of secured assets, the costs of valuation, public notice for possession and auction and other expenses for sale of assets shall be paid in full;\n(ii) debts owed to the bank or financial institution.\n(ii) The applicant and the defendant may obtain copy of any order passed by the Tribunal on payment on such fee as may be prescribed.\n[19A. Filing of recovery applications, documents and written statements in electronic form.\n(a) application or written statement or any other pleadings and the documents to be annexed thereto required to be filed shall be submitted in the electronic form and authenticated with digital signature of the applicant, defendant or any other petitioner in such form and manner as may be prescribed;\n(b) any summons, notice or communication or intimation as may be required to be served or delivered under this Act, may be served or delivered by transmission of pleadings and documents by electronic form and authenticated in such manner as may be prescribed.\n(a) 'digital signature' means the digital signature as defined under clause (p) of section 2 of the Information Technology Act, 2000;\n(b) 'electronic form' with reference to an information or a document means the electronic form as defined under clause (r) of section 2 of the Information Technology Act, 2000.]\n[19A.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 15
        },
        {
            "number": "20",
            "title": "20. Appeal to the Appellate Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 16
        },
        {
            "number": "21",
            "title": "21. Deposit of amount of debt due, on filing appeal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 17
        },
        {
            "number": "22",
            "title": "22. Procedure and powers of the Tribunal and the Appellate Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on oath;\n(b) requiring the discovery and production of documents;\n(c) receiving evidence on affidavits;\n(d) issuing commissions for the examination of witnesses or documents;\n(e) reviewing its decisions;\n(f) dismissing an application for default or deciding it ex parte ;\n(g) setting aside any order of dismissal of any application for default or any order passed by it ex parte ;\n(h) any other matter which may be prescribed.\n[22A. Uniform procedure for conduct of proceedings.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 18
        },
        {
            "number": "23",
            "title": "23. Right to legal representation and Presenting Officers.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 19
        },
        {
            "number": "24",
            "title": "24. Limitation.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "Chapter V\nRecovery Of Debt Determined By Tribunal\nRecovery Of Debt Determined By Tribunal",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 20
        },
        {
            "number": "25",
            "title": "25. Modes of recovery of debts.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) attachment and sale of the movable or immovable property of the defendant;\n[(aa) taking possession of property over which security interest is created or any other property of the defendant and appointing receiver for such property and to sell the same;]\n(b) arrest of the defendant and his detention in prison;\n(c) appointing a receiver for the management of the movable or immovable properties of the defendant.\n[(d) any other mode of recovery as may be prescribed by the Central Government.]",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 21
        },
        {
            "number": "26",
            "title": "26. Validity of certificate and amendment thereof.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 22
        },
        {
            "number": "27",
            "title": "27. Stay of proceedings under certificate and amendment or withdrawal thereof.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 23
        },
        {
            "number": "28",
            "title": "28. Other modes of recovery.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(ii) A notice under this sub-section may be issued to any person who holds or may subsequently hold any money for or on account of the defendant jointly with any other person and for the purposes of this sub-section, the shares of the joint holders in such amount shall be presumed, until the contrary is proved, to be equal.\n(iii) A copy of the notice shall be forwarded to the defendant at his last address known to the Recovery Officer and in the case of a joint account to all the joint holders at their last addresses known to the Recovery Officer.\n(iv) Save as otherwise provided in this sub-section, every person to whom a notice is issued under this sub-section shall be bound to comply with such notice, and, in particular, where any such notice is issued to a post office, bank, financial institution, or an insurer, it shall not be necessary for any pass book, deposit receipt, policy or any other document to be produced for the purpose of any entry, endorsement or the like to be made before the payment is made notwithstanding any rule, practice or requirement to the contrary.\n(v) Any claim respecting any property in relation to which a notice under this sub-section has been issued arising after the date of the notice shall be void as against any demand contained in the notice.\n(vi) Where a person to whom a notice under this sub-section is sent objects to it by a statement on oath that the sum demanded or the part thereof is not due to the defendant or that he does not hold any money for or on account of the defendant, then, nothing contained in this sub-section shall be deemed to require such person to pay any such sum or part thereof, as the case may be, but if it is discovered that such statement was false in any material particular, such person shall be personally liable to the Recovery Officer to the extent of his own liability to the defendant on the date of the notice, or to the extent of the defendants liability for any sum due under this Act, whichever is less.\n(vii) The Recovery Officer may, at any time or from time to time, amend or revoke any notice under this sub-section or extend the time for making any payment in pursuance of such notice.\n(viii) The Recovery Officer shall grant a receipt for any amount paid in compliance with a notice issued under this sub-section, and the person so paying shall be fully discharged from his liability to the defendant to the extent of the amount so paid.\n(ix) Any person discharging any liability to the defendant after the receipt of a notice under this sub-section shall be personally liable to the Recovery Officer to the extent of his own liability to the defendant so discharged or to the extent of the defendants liability for any debt due under this Act, whichever is less.\n(x) If the person to whom a notice under this sub-section is sent fails to make payment in pursuance thereof to the Recovery Officer, he shall be deemed to be a defendant in default in respect of the amount specified in the notice and further proceedings may be taken against him for the realisation of the amount as if it were a debt due from him, in the manner provided in sections 25, 26 and 27 and the notice shall have the same effect as an attachment of a debt by the Recovery Officer in exercise of his powers under section 25.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 24
        },
        {
            "number": "29",
            "title": "29. Application of certain provisions of Income-tax Act.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[30. Appeal against the order of Recovery Officer.\n[30A. Deposit of amount of debt due for filing appeal against orders of the Recovery Officer.\nChapter VI\nMiscellaneous\nMiscellaneous",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 25
        },
        {
            "number": "31",
            "title": "31. Transfer of pending cases.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the Court shall, as soon as may be after such transfer, forward the records of such suit or other proceeding to the Tribunal; and\n(b) the Tribunal may, on receipt of such records, proceed to deal with such suit or other proceeding, so far as may be, in the same manner as in the case of an application made under section 19 from the stage which was reached before such transfer or from any earlier stage [* * *] as the Tribunal may deem fit.\n[31A. Power of Tribunal to issue certificate of recovery in case of decree or order.\n[31B. Priority to secured creditors.\n[32. Chairperson, Presiding Officer and Staff of Appellate Tribunal and Tribunal to be public servants.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 26
        },
        {
            "number": "33",
            "title": "33. Protection of action taken in good faith.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 27
        },
        {
            "number": "34",
            "title": "34. Act to have overriding effect.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 28
        },
        {
            "number": "35",
            "title": "35. Power to remove difficulties.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 29
        },
        {
            "number": "36",
            "title": "36. Power to make rules.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[(a) other business or commercial rights of similar nature under clause (jb) of section 2;]\n[(aa)] the salaries and allowances and other terms and conditions of service of [the Chairperson, the Presiding Officers] , Recovery Officers and other officers and employees of the Tribunal and the Appellate Tribunal under sections 7, 12 and 13;\n(b) the procedure for the investigation of misbehaviour or incapacity of [the Chairpersons of Appellate Tribunals and the Presiding Officers of the Tribunals] under sub-section (3) of section 15;\n(c) the form in which an application may be made under section 19, the documents and other evidence by which such application shall be accompanied and the fees payable in respect of the filing of such application;\n[(ca) the form of application and the fee for filing application under sub-section (3) of section 19;]\n[(cc) the rate of fee to be refunded to the applicant under sub-section [(3B)] of section 19 of the Act.]\n[(cca) the period for filing written statement under sub-section (10) of section 19;\n(ccb) the fee for obtaining copy of the order of the Tribunal under sub-section (21) of section 19;\n(ccc) the form and manner of authenticating digital signature under clause (a), and the manner of authenticating service or delivery of pleadings and documents under clause (b), of sub-section (1) of section 19A;\n(ccd) the form and manner of filing application and other documents in the electronic form under sub-section (1) and manner of display of orders of the Tribunal and Appellate Tribunal under sub-section (4) of section 19A;]\n(d) the form in which an appeal may be filed before the Appellate Tribunal under section 20 and the fees payable in respect of such appeal;\n[(da) the rules of uniform procedure for conducting the proceedings before the Tribunals and Appellate Tribunals under section 22A;\n(db) the other mode of recovery under clause (d) of section 25;]\n(e) any other matter which is required to be, or may be, prescribed.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 30
        },
        {
            "number": "37",
            "title": "37. Repeal and saving.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 31
        }
    ],
    "metadata": {
        "Act ID": "072 [27 th August , 1993]",
        "Act Number": "(51 of 1993)",
        "Enactment Date": "",
        "Act Year": "1993",
        "Short Title": "The Recovery of Debts and Bankruptcy Act, 1993",
        "Type": "CENTRAL",
        "Location": "India (Central)"
    },
    "updated_at": "2026-09-29 21:51:57"
}