What does Section 2 of The Railways Act, 1989 say?

(1) "authorised" means authorised by a railway administration; [(1-A) "Authority" means the Rail Land Development Authority constituted under section 4-A;] (2) "carriage" means the carriage of passengers or goods by a railway administration; (3) "Claims Tribunal" means the Railway Claims Tribunal established under section 3 of the Railways Claims Tribunal Act, 1987; (4) "classification" means the classification of commodities made under section 31 for the purpose of determining the rates to be c
What does Section 2 of The Railways Act, 1989 say?

(1) "authorised" means authorised by a railway administration; [(1-A) "Authority" means the Rail Land Development Authority constituted under section 4-A;] (2) "carriage" means the carriage of passengers or goods by a railway administration; (3) "Claims Tribunal" means the Railway Claims Tribunal established under section 3 of the Railways Claims Tribunal Act, 1987; (4) "classification" means the classification of commodities made under section 31 for the purpose of determining the rates to be c
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The Railways Act, 1989

Q: What does Section 1 of The Railways Act, 1989 say?

Object & Reasons▼ Statement of Objects and Reasons. (i) The railways are being administered by Zonal Railways. This position had not been given effect to in the Act. The Bill provides for the constitution of railway zones, abolition of existing zones and appointment of General Managers as heads of these railway administrations. (ii) Power has been given to the Central Government to fix the rates for the carriage of passengers and goods over the railways instead of the existing provisions to fi
Raw JSON API
Sections

CHAPTER I
Section 1
1. Short title and commencement.

Section 1
2. Definitions.

Section 2
CHAPTER II
Section 4
3. Zonal Railways.

Section 3
4. Appointment of General Manager.

Section 4
CHAPTER III
Section 7
Section 14
Section 25
Section 35
Section 39
Section 56
Section 69
Section 97
Section 103
Section 124
Section 135
Section 143
Section 151
168. Provision with respect to commission of offence by the children of acts endangering safety of person travelling on railway.

Section 168
Section 197
{
    "id": 12945,
    "slug": "railways-act-1989",
    "title": "The Railways Act, 1989",
    "short_title": "The Railways Act, 1989",
    "act_number": "(24 OF 1989)",
    "act_year": 1989,
    "act_type": "CENTRAL",
    "location": "India (Central)",
    "law_status": "unknown",
    "enactment_date": "1989-06-03",
    "description": "The Railways Act, 1989",
    "preamble": "",
    "section_label": "Section",
    "sections": [
        {
            "number": "1",
            "title": "CHAPTER I",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER I",
            "content": "Preliminary",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 0
        },
        {
            "number": "1",
            "title": "1. Short title and commencement.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "Object & Reasons▼\nStatement of Objects and Reasons.\n(i) The railways are being administered by Zonal Railways. This position had not been given effect to in the Act. The Bill provides for the constitution of railway zones, abolition of existing zones and appointment of General Managers as heads of these railway administrations.\n(ii) Power has been given to the Central Government to fix the rates for the carriage of passengers and goods over the railways instead of the existing provisions to fix only the maximum and minimum rates for such carriage and leaving the fixation of specific rates to the railway administrations. In addition, the railway administrations are also being authorised to specify lump sum rates for the carriage of goods.\n(iii) In accordance with certain judicial pronouncements, the Bill provides for statutory recognition of the railway receipt as a negotiable instrument.\n(iv) The Bill specifically provides for limiting the monetary liability of railway administrations in respect of payment of compensation for loss, damage, etc., of goods. Provision has, however, been made for full liability subject to the condition that the consignor, while entrusting the goods to a railway administration for carriage, should declare the value of the goods and pay a percentage charge on such value.\n(v) The offences included in the Act have been rationalised and a few new offences have also been included in the Bill. Punishments for some of the offences had not been changed since the enactment of the Act. Penalties provided for the offences under the Act have been made more stringent which would include, among other things, a minimum punishment for many of the offences.\nAmendment Act 51 of 2003-Statement of Objects and Reasons.\nAmendment Act 56 of 2003-Statement of Objects and Reasons.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 1
        },
        {
            "number": "2",
            "title": "2. Definitions.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(1) \"authorised\" means authorised by a railway administration;\n[(1-A) \"Authority\" means the Rail Land Development Authority constituted under section 4-A;]\n(2) \"carriage\" means the carriage of passengers or goods by a railway administration;\n(3) \"Claims Tribunal\" means the Railway Claims Tribunal established under section 3 of the Railways Claims Tribunal Act, 1987;\n(4) \"classification\" means the classification of commodities made under section 31 for the purpose of determining the rates to be charged for carriage of such commodities;\n(5) \"class rates\" means the rate fixed for a class of commodity in the classification;\n(6) \"Commissioner\" means the Chief Commissioner of Railway Safety or the Commissioner of Railway Safety appointed under section 5;\n(7) \"commodity\" means a specific item of goods;\n[(7-A) \"competent authority\" means any person authorised by the Central Government, by notification, to perform the functions of the competent authority for such area as may be specified in the notification;]\n(8) \"consignee\" means the person named as consignee in a railway receipt;\n(9) \"consignment\" means goods entrusted to a railway administration for carriage;\n(10) \"consignor\" means the person, named in a railway receipt as consignor, by whom or on whose behalf goods covered by the railway receipt are entrusted to a railway administration for carriage;\n(11) \"demurrage\" means the charge levied for the detention of any rolling stock after the expiry of free time, if any, allowed for such detention;\n(12) \"endorsee\" means the person in whose favour an endorsement is made, and in the case of successive endorsements, the person in whose favour the last endorsement is made;\n(13) \"endorsement\" means the signing by the consignee or the endorsee after adding a direction on a railway receipt to pass the property in the goods mentioned in such receipt to a specified person;\n(14) \"fare\" means the charge levied for the carriage of passengers;\n(15) \"ferry\" includes a bridge of boats, pontoons or rafts, a swing bridge, a fly-bridge and a temporary bridge and the approaches to, and landing places of, a ferry;\n(16) \"forwarding note\" means the document executed under section 64;\n(17) \"freight\" means the charge levied for the carriage of goods including transhipment charges, if any;\n(18) \"General Manager\" means the General Manager of a Zonal Railway appointed under section 4;\n(19) \"goods\" includes-\n(i) containers, pallets or similar articles of transport used to consolidate goods; and\n(ii) animals;\n(20) \"Government railway\" means a railway owned by the Central Government;\n(21) \"in transit\", in relation to the carriage of goods by railway, means the period between the commencement and the termination of transit of such goods, and unless otherwise previously determined-\n(a) transit commences as soon as the railway receipt is issued or the consignment is loaded, whichever is earlier;\n(b) transit terminates on the expiry of the free time allowed for unloading of consignment from any rolling stock and where such unloading has been completed within such free time, transit terminates on the expiry of the free time allowed, for the removal of the goods from the railway premises;\n(22) \"level crossing\" means an inter-section of a road with lines of rails at the same level;\n(23) \"luggage\" means the goods of a passenger either carried by him in his charge or entrusted to a railway administration for carriage;\n(24) \"lump sum rate\" means the rate mutually agreed upon between a railway administration and a consignor for the carriage of goods and for any service in relation to such carriage;\n(25) \"non-Government railway\" means a railway other than a Government railway;\n(26) \"notification\" means a notification published in the Official Gazette;\n[(26-A) \"officer authorised\" means an officer authorised by the Central Government under sub-section (2) of section 179;]\n(27) \"parcel\" means goods entrusted to a railway administration for carriage by a passenger or a parcel train;\n(28) \"pass\" means an authority given by the Central Government or a railway administration to a person allowing him to travel as a passenger, but does not include a ticket;\n(29) \"passenger\" means a person travelling with a valid pass or ticket;\n[(29-A) \"person interested\" includes,-\n(i) all persons claiming an interest in compensation to be made on account of the acquisition of land under this Act;\n(ii) tribal and other traditional forest dwellers, who have lost any traditional rights recognised under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (2 of 2007);\n(iii) a person interested in an easement affecting the land; and\n(iv) persons having tenancy rights under the relevant State laws;]\n(30) \"prescribed\" means prescribed by rules made under this Act;\n(31) \"railway\" means a railway, or any portion of a railway, for the public carriage of passengers or goods, and includes-\n(a) all lands within the fences or other boundary marks indicating the limits of the land appurtenant to a railway;\n(b) all lines of rails, sidings, or yards, or branches used for the purposes of, or in connection with, a railway;\n(c) all electric traction equipments, power supply and distribution installations used for the purposes of, or in connection with, a railway;\n(d) all rolling stock, stations, offices, warehouses, wharves, workshops, manufactories, fixed plant and machinery, roads and streets, running rooms, rest houses, institutes, hospitals, water works and water supply installations, staff dwellings and any other works constructed for the purpose of, or in connection with, railway;\n(e) all vehicles which are used on any road for the purposes of traffic of a railway and owned, hired or worked by a railway; and\n(f) all ferries, ships, boats and rafts which are used on any canal, river, lake or other navigable inland waters for the purposes of the traffic of a railway and owned, hired or worked by a railway administration, but does not include-\n(i) a tramway wholly within a municipal area; and\n(ii) lines of rails built in any exhibition ground, fair, park, or any other place solely for the purpose of recreation;\n(32) \"railway administration\", in relation to-\n(a) a Government railway, means the General Manager of a Zonal Railway; and\n(b) a non-Government railway, means the person who is the owner or lessee of the railway or the person working the railway under an agreement;\n[(32-A) \"railway land\" means any land in which a Government railway has any right, title or interest;]\n(33) \"railway receipt\" means the receipt issued under section 65;\n(34) \"railway servant\" means any person employed by the Central Government or by a railway administration in connection with the service of a railway [including member of the Railway Protection Force appointed under clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Railway Protection Force Act, 1957 (23 of 1957)] ;\n(35) \"rate\" includes any fare, freight or any other charge for the carriage of any passenger or goods;\n(36) \"regulations\" means the regulations made by the Railway Rates Tribunal under this Act;\n(37) \"rolling stock\" includes locomotives, lenders, carriages, wagons, rail-cars, containers, trucks, trolleys and vehicles of all kinds moving on rails;\n[(37-A) \"special railway project\" means a project, notified as such by the Central Government from time to time, for providing national infrastructure for a public purpose in a specified time-frame, covering one or more States or the Union territories] ;\n(38) \"station to station rate\" means a special reduced rate applicable to a specific commodity booked between specified stations;\n(39) \"traffic\" includes rolling stock of every description, as well as passengers and goods;\n(40) \"Tribunal\" means the Railway Rates Tribunal constituted under section 33;\n(41) \"wharfage\" means the charge levied on goods for not removing them from the railway after the expiry of the free time for such removal;\n(42) \"Zonal Railway\" means a Zonal Railway constituted under section 3.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": true,
            "sort_order": 2
        },
        {
            "number": "4",
            "title": "CHAPTER II",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER II",
            "content": "Railway Administrations",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 3
        },
        {
            "number": "3",
            "title": "3. Zonal Railways.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 4
        },
        {
            "number": "4",
            "title": "4. Appointment of General Manager.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[CHAPTER II-A]\nRail Land Development Authority\n4-A. Establishment of Railway Land Development Authority.\n4-B. Composition of Authority.\n4-C. Terms and conditions of appointment of Vice-Chairman and other Members.\n4-D. Functions of Authority.\n(i) to prepare scheme or schemes for use of railway land in conformity with the provisions of this Act;\n(ii) to develop railway land for commercial use as may be entrusted by the Central Government for the purpose of generating revenue by non-tariff measures;\n(iii) to develop and provide consultancy, construction or management services and undertake operation in India in relation to the development of land and property;\n(iv) to carry out any other work or function as may be entrusted to it by the Central Government, by order in writing.\n4-E. Powers of Authority to enter into agreements and execute contracts.\n4-F. Procedure of transaction of business of Authority.\n4-G. Appointment of officers and other employees of Authority.\n4-H. Salaries, allowances, etc., to be defrayed out of Consolidated Fund of India.\n4-I. Power of Authority to make regulations.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 5
        },
        {
            "number": "7",
            "title": "CHAPTER III",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER III",
            "content": "Commissioners Of Railway Safety",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 6
        },
        {
            "number": "5",
            "title": "5. Appointment of Chief Commissioner of Railway Safety and Commissioners of Railway Safety.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 7
        },
        {
            "number": "6",
            "title": "6. Duties of Commissioner.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) inspect any railway with a view to determine whether it is fit to be opened for the public carriage of passengers and report thereon to the Central Government as required by or under this Act;\n(b) make such periodical or other inspections of any railway or of any rolling stock used thereon as the Central Government may direct;\n(c) make an inquiry under this Act into the cause of any accident on a railway; and\n(d) discharge such other duties as are conferred on him by or under this Act.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 8
        },
        {
            "number": "7",
            "title": "7. Powers of Commissioner.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) enter upon and inspect any railway or any rolling stock used thereon;\n(b) by order in writing addressed to a railway administration, require the attendance before him of any railway servant and to require answers or returns to such inquiries as he thinks fit to make from such railway servant or from the railway administration; and\n(c) require the production of any book, document or material object belonging to or in the possession or control of any railway administration which appears to him to be necessary to inspect.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 9
        },
        {
            "number": "8",
            "title": "8. Commissioner to be public servant.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 10
        },
        {
            "number": "9",
            "title": "9. Facilities to be afforded to Commissioners.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 11
        },
        {
            "number": "10",
            "title": "10. Annual report of Commissioners.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 12
        },
        {
            "number": "14",
            "title": "CHAPTER IV",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER IV",
            "content": "Construction And Maintenance Of Works",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 13
        },
        {
            "number": "11",
            "title": "11. Power of railway administrations to execute all necessary works.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) make or construct in or upon, across, under or over any lands, or any streets, hills, valleys, roads, railways, tramways, or any rivers, canals, brooks, streams or other waters, or any drains, water-pipes, gas-pipes, oil-pipes, sewers, electric supply lines, or telegraph lines, such temporary or permanent inclined-planes, bridges, tunnels, culverts, embankments, aqueducts, roads, lines of railways, passages, conduits, drains, piers, cuttings and fences, in-take wells, tube wells, dams, river training and protection works as it thinks proper;\n(b) alter the course of any rivers, brooks, streams or other water courses, for the purpose of constructing and maintaining tunnels, bridges, passages or other works over or under them and divert or alter either temporarily or permanently, the course of any rivers, brooks, streams or other water courses or any roads, streets or ways, or raise or sink the level thereof, in order to carry them more conveniently over or under or by the side of the railway;\n(c) make drains or conduits into, through or under any lands adjoining the railway for the purpose of conveying water from or to the railway;\n(d) erect and construct such houses, warehouses, offices and other buildings, and such yards, stations, wharves, engines, machinery apparatus and other works and conveniences as the railway administration thinks proper;\n[(da) developing any railway land for commercial use;]\n(e) alter, repair or discontinue such buildings, works and conveniences as aforesaid or any of them and substitute others in their stead;\n(f) erect, operate, maintain or repair any telegraph and telephone lines in connection with the working of the railway;\n(g) erect, operate, maintain or repair any electric traction equipment, power supply and distribution installation in connection with the working of the railway; and\n(h) do all other acts necessary for making, maintaining, altering or repairing and using the railway.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 14
        },
        {
            "number": "12",
            "title": "12. Power to alter the position of pipe, electric supply line, drain or sewer, etc.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 15
        },
        {
            "number": "13",
            "title": "13. Protection for Government property.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) a railway administration of the Government railway to do anything on or to any works, lands or buildings vested in, or in the possession of, a State Government without the consent of that Government; and\n(b) a railway administration of a non-Government railway to do anything on or to any works, lands or buildings vested in, or in the possession of, the Central Government or a State Government, without the consent of the Government concerned.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 16
        },
        {
            "number": "14",
            "title": "14. Temporary entry upon land to remove obstruction, to repair or to prevent accident.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) there is imminent danger that any tree, post or structure may fall on the railway so as to obstruct the movement of rolling stock; or\n(b) any tree, post, structure or light obstructs the view of any signal provided for movement of rolling stock; or\n(c) any tree, post or structure obstructs any telephone or telegraph line maintained by it, it may take such steps as may be necessary to avert such danger or remove such obstruction and submit a report thereof to the Central Government in such manner and within such times as may be prescribed.\n(a) a slip or accident has occurred; or\n(b) there is apprehension of any slip or accident to any cutting, embankment or other work on a railway, it may enter upon any lands adjoining the railway and do all such works as may be necessary for the purpose of repairing or preventing such slip or accident and submit a report thereof to the Central Government in such manner and within such time as may be prescribed.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 17
        },
        {
            "number": "15",
            "title": "15. Payment of amount for damage or loss.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 18
        },
        {
            "number": "16",
            "title": "16. Accommodation works.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) such crossings, bridges, culverts and passages over, under or by the sides of, or leading to or from, the railway as may, in the opinion of the State Government, be necessary for the purpose of making good any interruptions caused by the railway to the use of the lands through which the railway is made; and\n(b) all necessary bridges, tunnels, culverts, drains, water sources or other passages, over, under or by the sides of the railway, of such dimensions as will, in the opinion of the State Government, be sufficient at all times to convey water as freely from or to the lands lying near or affected by the railway as it was before the making of the railway or as nearly as possible.\n(a) a railway administration shall not be required to make any accommodation works in such a manner as would prevent or obstruct the working or using of the railway, or to make any accommodation works with respect to which the owners or occupiers of the lands have been paid compensation in consideration of their not requiring the said works to be made;\n(b) save as hereinafter, in this Chapter, provided, no railway administration shall be liable to execute any further or additional accommodation works for the use of the owners or occupiers of the lands after the expiration of ten years from the date on which the railway passing through the lands was first opened for public traffic;\n(c) where a railway administration has provided suitable accommodation work for the crossing of a road or stream and the road or stream is afterwards diverted by the act or neglect of the person having the control thereof, the railway administration shall not be compelled to provide any other accommodation work for the crossing of such road or stream.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 19
        },
        {
            "number": "17",
            "title": "17. Power of owner, occupier, State Government or local authority to cause additional accommodation works to be made.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) the necessity of such further accommodation works; or\n(ii) the expenses to be incurred on the construction of such further accommodation works; or\n(iii) the quantum of expenses on the maintenance of such further accommodation works, it shall be referred to the Central Government whose decision thereon shall be final.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 20
        },
        {
            "number": "18",
            "title": "18. Fences, gates and bars.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) boundary marks or fences be provided or renewed by a railway administration for a railway or any part thereof and for roads constructed in connection therewith;\n(b) suitable gates, chains, bars, stiles or hand-rails be erected or renewed by a railway administration at level crossings;\n(c) persons be employed by a railway administration to open and shut gates, chains or bars.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 21
        },
        {
            "number": "19",
            "title": "19. Over-bridges and under-bridges.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 22
        },
        {
            "number": "20",
            "title": "20. Power of Central Government to give directions for safety.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[CHAPTER IV-A]\nLand Acquisition For A Special Railway Project\n20-A. Power to acquire land, etc.\n20-B. Power to enter for survey, etc.\n(a) make any inspection, survey, measurement, valuation or enquiry;\n(b) take levels;\n(c) dig or bore into sub-soil;\n(d) set out boundaries and intended lines of work;\n(e) mark such levels, boundaries and lines placing marks and cutting trenches; or\n(f) do such other acts or things as may be considered necessary by the competent authority.\n20-C. Evaluation of damages during survey, measurement, etc.\n20-D. Hearing of objections, etc.\n20-E. Declaration of acquisition.\n20-F. Determination of amount payable as compensation.\n(a) the market-value of the land on the date of publication of the notification under section 20-A;\n(b) the damage, if any, sustained by the person interested at the time of taking possession of the land, by reason of the severing of such land from other land;\n(c) the damage, if any, sustained by the person interested at the time of taking possession of the land, by reason of the acquisition injuriously affecting his other immovable property in any manner, or his earnings;\n(d) if, in consequences of the acquisition of the land, the person interested is compelled to change his residence or place of business, the reasonable expenses, if any, incidental to such change.\n20-G. Criterion for determination of market-value of land.\n(i) the minimum land value, if any, specified in the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 (2 of 1899) for the registration of sale deeds in the area, where the land is situated; or\n(ii) the average of the sale price for similar type of land situated in the village or vicinity, ascertained from not less than fifty per cent. of the sale deeds registered during the preceding three years, where higher price has been paid, whichever is higher.\n(i) the land is situated in such area where the transactions in land are restricted by or under any other law for the time being in force in that area; or\n(ii) the registered sale deeds for similar land as mentioned in clause (i) of sub-section (1) are not available for the preceding three years; or\n(iii) the minimum land value has not been specified under the Indian Stamp Act, 1899 (2 of 1899) by the appropriate authority, the concerned State Government shall specify the floor price per unit area of the said land based on the average higher prices paid for similar type of land situated in the adjoining areas or vicinity, ascertained from not less than fifty per cent. of the sale deeds registered during the preceding three years where higher price has been paid, and the competent authority may calculate the value of the land accordingly.\n(a) ascertain the intended land use category of such land; and\n(b) take into account the value of the land of the intended category in the adjoining areas or vicinity, for the purpose of determination of the market value of the land being acquired.\n20-H. Deposit and payment of amount.\n20-I. Power to take possession.\n(a) in case of any land situated in any area falling within the metropolitan area, to the Commissioner of Police;\n(b) in case of any land situated in any area other than the area referred to in clause (a), to the Collector of a district, and such Commissioner or Collector, as the case may be, shall enforce the surrender of the land, to the competent authority or to the person duly authorised by it.\n20-J. Right to enter into land where land has vested in Central Government.\n20-K. Competent authority to have certain powers of Civil Court.\n(a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on oath;\n(b) requiring the discovery and production of any document;\n(c) reception of evidence on affidavits;\n(d) requisitioning any public record from any Court or office;\n(e) issuing commission for examination of witnesses.\n20-L. Utilisation of land for the purpose it is acquired.\n20-M. Sharing with landowners the difference in price of a land when transferred for a higher consideration.\n20-N. Land Acquisition Act 1 of 1894 not to apply.\n20-O. Application of the National Rehabilitation and Resettlement Policy, 2007 to persons affected due to land acquisition.\n20-P. Power to make rules in respect of matters in this Chapter.\n(a) the manner of appointment of arbitrator under sub¬-section (6) of section 20-F;\n(b) the manner in which the amount shall be deposited with the competent authority under sub-sections (1) and (6) of section 20-H;\n(c) the manner of maintenance and administration of separate fund for the purposes of section 20-M.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 23
        },
        {
            "number": "25",
            "title": "CHAPTER V",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER V",
            "content": "Opening Of Railways",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 24
        },
        {
            "number": "21",
            "title": "21. Sanction of the Central Government to the opening of railway.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 25
        },
        {
            "number": "22",
            "title": "22. Formalities to be complied with before giving sanction to the opening of a railway.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) he has made a careful inspection of the railway and the rolling stock that may be used thereon;\n(b) the moving and fixed dimensions as laid down by the Central Government have not been infringed;\n(c) the structure of lines of rails, strength of bridges, general structural character of the works and the size of, and maximum gross load upon, the axles of any rolling stock, comply with the requirements laid down by the Central Government; and\n(d) in his opinion, the railway can be opened for the public carriage of passengers without any danger to the public using it.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 26
        },
        {
            "number": "23",
            "title": "23. Sections 21 and 22 to apply to the opening of certain works.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) opening of additional lines of railway and deviation lines;\n(b) opening of stations, junctions and level crossings;\n(c) re-modelling of yards and re-building of bridges;\n(d) introduction of electric traction; and\n(e) any alteration or reconstruction materially affecting the structural character of any work to which the provisions of sections 21 and 22 apply or are extended by this section.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 27
        },
        {
            "number": "24",
            "title": "24. Temporary suspension of traffic.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the railway servant incharge of the works undertaken by reason of the accident has certified in writing that the opening of the restored lines of rails and works, or of the temporary diversion will not in his opinion be attended with danger to the public; and\n(b) a notice of the opening of the lines of rails and works or the diversion shall be sent immediately to the Commissioner.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 28
        },
        {
            "number": "25",
            "title": "25. Power to close railway opened for the public carriage of passengers.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) the railway be closed for the public carriage of passengers; or\n(ii) the use of the rolling stock be discontinued; or\n(iii) the railway or the rolling stock may be used for the public carriage of passengers subject to such conditions as it may consider necessary for the safety of the public.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 29
        },
        {
            "number": "26",
            "title": "26. Re-opening of closed railway.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the railway shall not be re-opened for the public carriage of passengers until it has been inspected by the Commissioner and its re-opening is sanctioned in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter; and\n(b) the rolling stock shall not be used until it has been inspected by the Commissioner and its re-use is sanctioned in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 30
        },
        {
            "number": "27",
            "title": "27. Use of rolling stock.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 31
        },
        {
            "number": "28",
            "title": "28. Delegation of powers.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 32
        },
        {
            "number": "29",
            "title": "29. Power to make rules in respect of matters in this Chapter.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the duties of a railway administration and the Commissioner in regard to the opening of a railway for the public carriage of passengers;\n(b) the arrangements to be made for and the formalities to be complied with before opening a railway for the public carriage of passengers;\n(c) for regulating the mode in which, and the speed at which rolling stock used on railways is to be moved or propelled; and\n(d) the cases in which and the extent to which the procedure provided in this Chapter may be dispensed with.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 33
        },
        {
            "number": "35",
            "title": "CHAPTER VI",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER VI",
            "content": "Fixation Of Rates",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 34
        },
        {
            "number": "30",
            "title": "30. Power to fix rates.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 35
        },
        {
            "number": "31",
            "title": "31. Power to classify commodities or alter rates.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) classify or re-classify any commodity for the purpose of determining the rates to be charged for the carriage of such commodities; and\n(b) increase or reduce the class rates and other charges.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 36
        },
        {
            "number": "32",
            "title": "32. Power of railway administration to charge certain rates.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) quote a station to station rate;\n(b) increase or reduce or cancel, after due notice in the manner determined by the Central Government, a station to station rate, not being a station to station rate introduced in compliance with an order made by the Tribunal;\n(c) withdraw, alter or amend the conditions attached to a station to station rate other than conditions introduced in compliance with an order made by the Tribunal; and\n(d) charge any lump sum rate.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 37
        },
        {
            "number": "39",
            "title": "CHAPTER VII",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER VII",
            "content": "Railway Rates Tribunal",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 38
        },
        {
            "number": "33",
            "title": "33. Constitution of the Railway Rates Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) any vacancy in, or any defect in the constitution of, the Tribunal; or\n(b) any defect in the appointment of a person acting as a Chairman or other member of the Tribunal.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 39
        },
        {
            "number": "34",
            "title": "34. Staff of the Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 40
        },
        {
            "number": "35",
            "title": "35. Sittings of the Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 41
        },
        {
            "number": "36",
            "title": "36. Complaints against a railway administration.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) is contravening the provisions of section 70; or\n(b) is charging for the carriage of any commodity between two stations at a rate which is unreasonable; or\n(c) is levying any other charge which is unreasonable, may be made to the Tribunal, and the Tribunal shall hear and decide any such complaint in accordance with the provisions of this Chapter.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 42
        },
        {
            "number": "37",
            "title": "37. Matters not within the jurisdiction of the Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) classification or re-classification of any commodity;\n(b) fixation of wharfage and demurrage charges (including conditions attached to such charges);\n(c) fixation of fares levied for the carriage of passengers and freight levied for the carriage of luggage, parcels, railway material and military traffic; and\n(d) fixation of lump sum rates.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 43
        },
        {
            "number": "38",
            "title": "38. Powers of the Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 44
        },
        {
            "number": "39",
            "title": "39. Reference to the Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 45
        },
        {
            "number": "40",
            "title": "40. Assistance by the Central Government.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 46
        },
        {
            "number": "41",
            "title": "41. Burden of proof, etc.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) whenever it is shown that a railway administration charges one trader or class of traders or the traders in any local area, lower rates for the same or similar goods or lower charges for the same or similar services than it charges to other traders in any other local area, the burden of proving that such lower rate or charge does not amount to an undue preference, shall lie on the railway administration;\n(b) in deciding whether a lower rate or charge does not amount to an undue preference, the Tribunal may, in addition to any other considerations affecting the case, take into consideration whether such lower rate or charge is necessary in the interests of the public.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 47
        },
        {
            "number": "42",
            "title": "42. Decision, etc., of the Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 48
        },
        {
            "number": "43",
            "title": "43. Bar of jurisdiction of Courts.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 49
        },
        {
            "number": "44",
            "title": "44. Reliefs which the Tribunal may grant.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) fix such rate or charge as it considers reasonable from any date as it may deem proper, not being a date earlier to the date of the filing of the complaint;\n(ii) direct a refund of amount, if any, as being the excess of the rate or charge fixed by the Tribunal under clause (i).",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 50
        },
        {
            "number": "45",
            "title": "45. Revision of decisions given by the Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 51
        },
        {
            "number": "46",
            "title": "46. Execution of decisions or orders of the Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 52
        },
        {
            "number": "47",
            "title": "47. Report to the Central Government.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 53
        },
        {
            "number": "48",
            "title": "48. Power of the Tribunal to make regulations.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the terms and conditions of service of the officers and employees of the Tribunal;\n(b) the award of costs by the Tribunal in any proceedings before it;\n(c) the reference of any question to a member or to an officer of the Tribunal or any other person appointed by the Tribunal, for report after holding a local inquiry;\n(d) the right of audience before the Tribunal, provided that any party shall be entitled to be heard in person, or by a representative duly authorised in writing, or by a legal practitioner;\n(e) the disposal by the Tribunal of any proceedings before it, notwithstanding that in the course thereof there has been a change in the persons sitting as members of the Tribunal;\n(f) a scale of fees for and in connection with the proceedings before the Tribunal.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 54
        },
        {
            "number": "56",
            "title": "CHAPTER VIII",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER VIII",
            "content": "Carriage Of Passengers",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 55
        },
        {
            "number": "49",
            "title": "49. Exhibition of certain timings and tables of fares at stations.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) a table of times of arrival and departure of trains which carry passengers and stop at that station, and\n(ii) list of fares from such station to such other stations as it may consider necessary.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 56
        },
        {
            "number": "50",
            "title": "50. Supply of tickets on payment of fare.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) the date of issue;\n(ii) the class of carriage;\n(iii) the place from and the place to which it is issued; and\n(iv) the amount of the fare.\n(a) if it is for the lowest class of carriage, be set forth in Hindi, English and the regional language commonly in use at the place of issue of the ticket; and\n(b) if it is for any other class of carriage, be set forth in Hindi and English:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 57
        },
        {
            "number": "51",
            "title": "51. Provision for case in which ticket is issued for class or train not having accommodation for additional passengers.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 58
        },
        {
            "number": "52",
            "title": "52. Cancellation of ticket and refund.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 59
        },
        {
            "number": "53",
            "title": "53. Prohibition against transfer of certain tickets.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 60
        },
        {
            "number": "54",
            "title": "54. Exhibition and surrender of passes and tickets.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) at the end of the journey, or\n(b) if such ticket is issued for a specified period, on the expiration of such period.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 61
        },
        {
            "number": "55",
            "title": "55. Prohibition against travelling without pass or ticket.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 62
        },
        {
            "number": "56",
            "title": "56. Power to refuse to carry persons suffering from infectious or contagious diseases.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 63
        },
        {
            "number": "57",
            "title": "57. Maximum number of passengers for each compartment.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 64
        },
        {
            "number": "58",
            "title": "58. Earmarking of compartment, etc., for ladies.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 65
        },
        {
            "number": "59",
            "title": "59. Communications between passengers and railway servant in charge of train.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 66
        },
        {
            "number": "60",
            "title": "60. Power to make rules in respect of matters in this Chapter.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the convenience and accommodation (including the reservation of seats or berths in trains) to passengers;\n(b) the amount of refund for the cancellation of a ticket;\n(c) the circumstances under which change of names of passengers, having reserved seats or berths, may be permitted;\n(d) the carriage of luggage and the conditions subject to which luggage may be kept in the cloak rooms at the stations;\n(e) diseases which are infectious or contagious;\n(f) the conditions subject to which a railway administration may carry passengers suffering from infectious or contagious diseases and the manner in which carriages used by such passengers may be disinfected;\n(g) generally, for regulating the travelling upon, and the use, working and management of the railways.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 67
        },
        {
            "number": "69",
            "title": "CHAPTER IX",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER IX",
            "content": "Carriage Of Goods",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 68
        },
        {
            "number": "61",
            "title": "61. Maintenance of rate-books, etc., for carriage of goods.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 69
        },
        {
            "number": "62",
            "title": "62. Conditions for receiving, etc., of goods.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 70
        },
        {
            "number": "63",
            "title": "63. Provision of risk rates.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 71
        },
        {
            "number": "64",
            "title": "64. Forwarding note.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 72
        },
        {
            "number": "65",
            "title": "65. Railway receipt.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) in a case where the goods are to be loaded by a person entrusting such goods, on the completion of such loading; or\n(b) in any other case, on the acceptance of the goods by it, issue a railway receipt in such form as may be specified by the Central Government.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 73
        },
        {
            "number": "66",
            "title": "66. Power to require statement relating to the description of goods.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 74
        },
        {
            "number": "67",
            "title": "67. Carriage of dangerous or offensive goods.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 75
        },
        {
            "number": "68",
            "title": "68. Carriage of animals suffering from infectious or contagious diseases.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 76
        },
        {
            "number": "69",
            "title": "69. Deviation of route.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 77
        },
        {
            "number": "70",
            "title": "70. Prohibition of undue preference.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 78
        },
        {
            "number": "71",
            "title": "71. Power to give direction in regard to carriage of certain goods.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) to give special facilities for, or preference to, the carriage of such goods or class of goods consigned by or to the Central Government or the Government of any State or of such other goods or class of goods;\n(b) to carry any goods or class of goods by such route or routes and at such rates;\n(c) to restrict or refuse acceptance of such goods or class of goods at or to such station for carriage, as may be specified in the order.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 79
        },
        {
            "number": "72",
            "title": "72. Maximum carrying capacity for wagons and trucks.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 80
        },
        {
            "number": "73",
            "title": "73. Punitive charge for overloading a wagon.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 81
        },
        {
            "number": "74",
            "title": "74. Passing of property in the goods covered by railway receipt.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 82
        },
        {
            "number": "74",
            "title": "75. Section 74 not to affect right of stoppage in transit or claims for freight.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) any right of the consignor for stoppage of goods in transit as an unpaid vendor (as defined under the Sale of Goods Act, 1930 (3 of 1930) on his written request to the railway administration;\n(b) any right of the railway to claim freight from the consignor; or\n(c) any liability of the consignee or the endorsee, referred to in that section, by reason of his being such consignee or endorsee.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 83
        },
        {
            "number": "76",
            "title": "76. Surrender of railway receipt.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 84
        },
        {
            "number": "77",
            "title": "77. Power of railway administration to deliver goods or sale proceeds thereof in certain cases.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 85
        },
        {
            "number": "78",
            "title": "78. Power to measure, weigh, etc.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) re-measure, re-weigh or re-classify any consignment;\n(ii) re-calculate the freight and other charges; and\n(iii) correct any other error or collect any amount that may have been omitted to be charged.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 86
        },
        {
            "number": "79",
            "title": "79. Weighment of consignment on request of the consignee or endorsee.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 87
        },
        {
            "number": "80",
            "title": "80. Liability of railway administration for wrong delivery.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 88
        },
        {
            "number": "81",
            "title": "81. Open delivery of consignments.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 89
        },
        {
            "number": "82",
            "title": "82. Partial delivery of consignments.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 90
        },
        {
            "number": "83",
            "title": "83. Lien for freight or any other sum due.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) perishable in nature, sell at once; or\n(b) not perishable in nature, sell, by public auction, such consignment or part thereof, as may be necessary to realise a sum equal to the freight or other charges:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 91
        },
        {
            "number": "84",
            "title": "84. Unclaimed consignment.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) any consignment; or\n(b) the consignment released from detention made under sub-section (1) of section 83; or\n(c) any remaining part of the consignment under sub-section (2) of section 83, such consignment shall be treated as unclaimed.\n(a) in the case of an unclaimed consignment which is perishable in nature, sell such consignment in the manner provided in clause (a) of sub-section (2) of section 83; or\n(b) in the case of an unclaimed consignment which is not perishable in nature, cause a notice to be served upon the consignee if his name and address are known, and upon the consignor if the name and address of the consignee are not known, requiring him to remove the goods within a period of seven days from the receipt thereof and if such notice cannot be served or there is a failure to comply with the requisition in the notice, sell such consignment in the manner provided in clause (b) of sub-section (2) of section 83.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 92
        },
        {
            "number": "85",
            "title": "85. Disposal of perishable consignments in certain circumstances.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 93
        },
        {
            "number": "86",
            "title": "86. Sales under sections 83 to 85 not to affect the right to suit.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 94
        },
        {
            "number": "87",
            "title": "87. Power to make rules in respect of matters in this Chapter.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) goods in respect of which no forwarding note shall be executed under proviso to sub-section (1) of section 64;\n(b) dangerous and offensive goods for the purposes of sub-section (1) of section 67;\n(c) infectious or contagious diseases for the purposes of section 68;\n(d) rates of penalty charges under section 73;\n(e) the manner in which the consignment may be delivered without a railway receipt under section 76;\n(f) the manner of delivery of consignment or the sale proceeds to the person entitled thereto under section 77;\n(g) the conditions subject to which and charges payable for allowing weighment and circumstances for not allowing weighment of consignment in wagon-load or train-load under section 79;\n(h) the manner of giving open delivery under section 81;\n(i) the form of partial delivery certificate under sub-section (2) of section 82;\n(j) the manner of sale of consignment or part thereof under the proviso to sub-section (2) of section 83;\n(k) the manner in which a notice under sub-section (3) of section 83 may be given;\n(l) generally, for regulating the carriage of goods by the railways.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 95
        },
        {
            "number": "97",
            "title": "CHAPTER X",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER X",
            "content": "Special Provisions As To Goods Booked To Notified Stations",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 96
        },
        {
            "number": "88",
            "title": "88. Definitions.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) \"essential commodity\" means an essential commodity as defined in clause (a) of section 2 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 (10 of 1955);\n(b) \"notified station\" means a station declared to be a notified station under section 89;\n(c) \"State Government\", in relation to a notified station, means the Government of the State in which such station is situated, or where such station is situated in a Union territory, the administrator of that Union territory appointed under article 239 of the Constitution.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": true,
            "sort_order": 97
        },
        {
            "number": "89",
            "title": "89. Power to declare notified stations.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the volume of traffic and the storage space available at such railway station;\n(b) the nature and quantities of goods generally booked to such railway station;\n(c) the scope for causing scarcity of such goods by not removing them for long periods from such railway station and the hardship which such scarcity may cause to the community;\n(d) the number of wagons likely to be held up at such railway station if goods are not removed therefrom quickly and the need for quick movement and availability of such wagons;\n(e) such other factors (being relevant from the point of view of the interest of the general public) as may be prescribed:\n(a) the representative of the Central Government, nominated by that Government in this behalf;\n(b) the representative of the State Government, nominated by that Government in this behalf; and\n(c) the District Magistrate within the local limits of whose jurisdiction the railway station is situated.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 98
        },
        {
            "number": "90",
            "title": "90. Disposal of unremoved goods at notified stations.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) such direction shall not be binding on such railway servant or the railway administration-\n(i) if it has not been received by the railway servant sufficiently in time to enable him to prevent the sale of the essential commodities to which it relates; or\n(ii) if before the time appointed for such sale, the person entitled to such goods pays the freight and other charges and the expenses due in respect thereof and claims that he be allowed to remove the goods; or\n(iii) if the price payable for such goods (as estimated by the Central Government or, as the case may be, the State Government) is not credited to the railway administration in the prescribed manner and the railway administration is not indemnified against any additional amount which it may become liable to pay towards the price by reason of the price not having been computed in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (4);\n(b) where directions are issued in respect of the same goods both by the Central Government and the State Government, the directions received earlier shall prevail.\n(a) in the case of any essential commodity being a food-stuff in respect whereof a notification issued under sub-section (3-A) of section 3 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 (10 of 1955), is in force in the locality in which the notified station is situated, the price payable shall be calculated in accordance with the provisions of clauses (iii) and (iv) of that sub-section;\n(b) in the case of an essential commodity being any grade or variety of foodgrains, edible oil-seeds or edible oils in respect whereof no notification issued under sub-section (3-A) of section 3 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 (10 of 1955), is in force in the locality in which the notified station is situated, the price payable shall be calculated in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (3-B) of that section;\n(c) in the case of an essential commodity being any kind of sugar in respect whereof no notification issued under sub-section (3-A) of section 3 of the Essential Commodities Act, 1955 (10 of 1955), is in force in the locality in which the notified station is situated, the price payable shall, if such sugar has been booked by the producer to himself, be calculated in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (3-C) of that section.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 99
        },
        {
            "number": "91",
            "title": "91. Price to be paid to person entitled after deducting dues.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 100
        },
        {
            "number": "92",
            "title": "92. Power to make rules in respect of matters in this Chapter.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the factors to which the Central Government shall have regard under clause (e) of the first proviso to sub-section (1) of section 89;\n(b) the form and manner in which an application may be made under sub-section (2) of section 89;\n(c) the form in which a statement is required to be exhibited under sub-section (3) of section 89;\n(d) the manner in which the dates of public auctions may be notified under sub-section (1) of section 90;\n(e) the manner of crediting to the railway administration the price of goods referred to in sub-clause (iii) of clause (a) of the proviso to sub-section (3) of section 90.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 101
        },
        {
            "number": "103",
            "title": "CHAPTER XI",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER XI",
            "content": "Responsibilities Of Railway Administrations As Carriers",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 102
        },
        {
            "number": "93",
            "title": "93. General responsibility of a railway administration as carrier of goods.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) act of God;\n(b) act of war;\n(c) act of public enemies;\n(d) arrest, restraint or seizure under legal process;\n(e) orders or restrictions imposed by the Central Government or a State Government or by an officer or authority subordinate to the Central Government or a State Government authorised by it in this behalf;\n(f) act or omission or negligence of the consignor or the consignee or the endorsee or the agent or servant of the consignor or the consignee or the endorsee;\n(g) natural deterioration or wastage in bulk or weight due to inherent defect, quality or vice of the goods;\n(h) latent defects;\n(i) fire, explosion or any unforeseen risk:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 103
        },
        {
            "number": "94",
            "title": "94. Goods to be loaded or delivered at a siding not belonging to a railway administration.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 104
        },
        {
            "number": "95",
            "title": "95. Delay or detention in transit.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 105
        },
        {
            "number": "96",
            "title": "96. Traffic passing over railways in India and railways in foreign countries.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 106
        },
        {
            "number": "97",
            "title": "97. Goods carried at owner's risk rate.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) where the whole of such consignment or the whole of any package forming part of such consignment is not delivered to the consignee or the endorsee and such non-delivery is not proved by the railway administration to have been due to fire or to any accident to the train; or\n(b) where in respect of any such consignment or of any package forming part of such consignment which had been so covered or protected that the covering or protection was not readily removable by hand, it is pointed out to the railway administration on or before delivery that any part of that consignment or package had been pilfered in transit, the railway administration shall be bound to disclose to the consignor, the consignee or the endorsee how the consignment or the package was dealt with throughout the time it was in its possession or control, but if negligence or misconduct on the part of the railway administration or of any of its servants cannot be fairly inferred from such disclosure, the burden of proving such negligence or misconduct shall lie on the consignor, the consignee or the endorsee.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 107
        },
        {
            "number": "98",
            "title": "98. Goods in defective condition or defectively packed.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) are in a defective condition as a consequence of which they are liable to damage, deterioration, leakage or wastage; or\n(b) are either defectively packed or not packed in such manner as may be prescribed and as a result of such defective or improper packing are liable to damage, deterioration, leakage or wastage, and the fact of such condition or defective or improper packing has been recorded by the consignor or his agent in the forwarding note, the railway administration shall not be responsible for any damage, deterioration, leakage or wastage or for the condition in which such goods are available for delivery at destination:\n(a) that the goods were, at the time of entrustment to the railway administration, in a defective condition, or were at that time either defectively packed or not packed in such manner as may be prescribed and as a result of which were liable to damage, deterioration, leakage or wastage; and\n(b) that such defective condition or defective or improper packing was not brought to the notice of the railway administration or any of its servants at the time of entrustment of the goods to the railway administration for carriage by railway:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 108
        },
        {
            "number": "99",
            "title": "99. Responsibility of a railway administration after termination of transit.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 109
        },
        {
            "number": "100",
            "title": "100. Responsibility as carrier of luggage.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 110
        },
        {
            "number": "101",
            "title": "101. Responsibility as a carrier of animals.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 111
        },
        {
            "number": "102",
            "title": "102. Exoneration from liability in certain cases.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) when such loss, destruction, damage, deterioration or non-delivery is due to the fact that a materially false description of the consignment is given in the statement delivered under sub-section (1) of section 66; or\n(b) where a fraud has been practised by the consignor or the consignee or the endorsee or by an agent of the consignor, consignee or the endorsee; or\n(c) where it is proved by the railway administration to have been caused by, or to have arisen from-\n(i) improper loading or unloading by the consignor or the consignee or the endorsee or by an agent of the consignor, consignee or the endorsee;\n(ii) riot, civil commotion, strike, lock-out, stoppage or restraint of labour from whatever cause arising whether partial or general; or\n(d) for any indirect or consequential loss or damage or for loss of particular market.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 112
        },
        {
            "number": "103",
            "title": "103. Extent of monetary liability in respect of any consignment.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 113
        },
        {
            "number": "104",
            "title": "104. Extent of liability in respect of goods carried in open wagon.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 114
        },
        {
            "number": "105",
            "title": "105. Right of railway administration to check contents of certain consignment or luggage.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 115
        },
        {
            "number": "106",
            "title": "106. Notice of claim for compensation and refund of overcharge.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) to the railway administration to which the goods are entrusted for carriage; or\n(b) to the railway administration on whose railway the destination station lies, or the loss, destruction, damage or deterioration occurs, within a period of six months from the date of entrustment of the goods.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 116
        },
        {
            "number": "107",
            "title": "107. Applications for compensation for loss, etc., of goods.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 117
        },
        {
            "number": "108",
            "title": "108. Person entitled to claim compensation.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 118
        },
        {
            "number": "109",
            "title": "109. Railway administration against which application for compensation for personal injury is to be filed.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the railway administration from which the passenger obtained his pass or purchased his ticket, or\n(b) the railway administration on whose railway the destination station lies or the loss or personal injury occurred.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 119
        },
        {
            "number": "110",
            "title": "110. Burden of proof.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the monetary loss actually sustained; or\n(b) where the value has been declared under sub-section (2) of section 103 in respect of any consignment that the value so declared is its true value, shall lie on the person claiming compensation, but subject to the other provisions contained in this Act, it shall not be necessary for him to prove how the loss, destruction, damage, deterioration or non-delivery was caused.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 120
        },
        {
            "number": "111",
            "title": "111. Extent of liability of railway administration in respect of accidents at sea.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 121
        },
        {
            "number": "112",
            "title": "112. Power to make rules in respect of matters in this Chapter.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the manner of packing of goods entrusted to a railway administration under clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 98;\n(b) the goods for the purposes of sub-section (3) of section 99; and\n(c) the maximum amount payable by the railway administration for the loss, destruction, damage, deterioration or non-delivery of any consignment under sub-section (1) of section 103.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 122
        },
        {
            "number": "124",
            "title": "CHAPTER XII",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER XII",
            "content": "Accidents",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 123
        },
        {
            "number": "113",
            "title": "113. Notice of railway accident.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) any accident attended with loss of any human life, or with grievous hurt, as defined in the Indian Penal Code (45 of 1860), or with such serious injury to property as may be prescribed; or\n(b) any collision between trains of which one is a train carrying passengers; or\n(c) the derailment of any train carrying passengers, or of any part of such train; or\n(d) any accident of a description usually attended with loss of human life or with such grievous hurt as aforesaid or with serious injury to property; or\n(e) any accident of any other description which the Central Government may notify in this behalf in the Official Gazette, occurs, the station master of the station nearest to the place at which the accident occurs or where there is no station master, the railway servant in charge of the section of the railway on which the accident occurs, shall, without delay, give notice of the accident to the District Magistrate and Superintendent of Police, within whose jurisdiction the accident occurs, the Officer-in-charge of the police station within the local limits of which the accident occurs and to such other Magistrate or police officer as may be appointed in this behalf by the Central Government.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 124
        },
        {
            "number": "114",
            "title": "114. Inquiry by Commissioner.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 125
        },
        {
            "number": "115",
            "title": "115. Inquiry by railway administration.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 126
        },
        {
            "number": "116",
            "title": "116. Powers of Commissioner in relation to inquiries.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of persons and examining them on oath;\n(b) requiring the discovery and production of documents;\n(c) receiving evidence on affidavits;\n(d) requisitioning any public record or copies thereof from any Court or office;\n(e) any other matter which may be prescribed.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 127
        },
        {
            "number": "117",
            "title": "117. Statement made before Commissioner.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) made in reply to a question which is required by the Commissioner to answer; or\n(b) relevant to the subject-matter of the inquiry.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 128
        },
        {
            "number": "118",
            "title": "118. Procedure, etc.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 129
        },
        {
            "number": "119",
            "title": "119. No inquiry, investigation, etc., to be made if the Commission of Inquiry is appointed.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 130
        },
        {
            "number": "113",
            "title": "120. Inquiry into accident not covered by section 113.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 131
        },
        {
            "number": "121",
            "title": "121. Returns.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 132
        },
        {
            "number": "122",
            "title": "122. Power to make rules in respect of matters in this Chapter.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the injury to property which shall be considered serious under clause (a) of sub-section (1) of section 113;\n(b) the forms of notice of accidents to be given under section 113 and the particulars of the accident such notices shall contain;\n(c) the manner of sending the notices of accidents, including the class of accidents to be sent immediately after the accident;\n(d) the duties of the Commissioner, railway administration, railway servants, police officers and Magistrates on the occurrence of an accident;\n(e) the persons to whom notices in respect of any inquiry under this Chapter are to be sent, the procedure to be followed in such inquiry and the manner in which a report of such inquiry shall be prepared;\n(f) the nature of inquiry to be made by a railway administration into the causes of an accident under section 120;\n(g) the form and manner of sending a return of accidents by a railway administration under section 121.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 133
        },
        {
            "number": "135",
            "title": "CHAPTER XIII",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER XIII",
            "content": "Liability Of Railway Administration For Death And Injury To Passengers Due To Accidents",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 134
        },
        {
            "number": "123",
            "title": "123. Definitions.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) \"accident\" means an accident of the nature described in section 124;\n(b) \"dependant\" means any of the following relatives of a deceased passenger, namely:-\n(i) the wife, husband, son and daughter, and in case the deceased passenger is unmarried or is a minor, his parent;\n(ii) the parent, minor brother or unmarried sister, widowed sister, widowed daughter-in-law and a minor child of a pre-deceased son, if dependant wholly or partly on the deceased passenger;\n(iii) a minor child of a pre-deceased daughter, if wholly dependant on the deceased passenger;\n(iv) the paternal grandparent wholly dependant on the deceased passenger;\n[(c) \"untoward incident\" means-\n(1)(i) the commission of a terrorist act within the meaning of sub-section (1) of section 3 of the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act, 1987 (28 of 1987); or\n(ii) the making of a violent attack or the commission of robbery or dacoity; or\n(iii) the indulging in rioting, shoot-out or arson, by any person in or on any train carrying passengers, or in a waiting hall, cloak room or reservation or booking office or on any platform or in any other place within the precincts of a railway station; or\n(2) the accidental falling of any passenger from a train carrying passengers.]",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": true,
            "sort_order": 135
        },
        {
            "number": "124",
            "title": "124. Extent of liability.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[124-A. Compensation on account of untoward incidents.\n(a) suicide or attempted suicide by him;\n(b) self-inflicted injury;\n(c) his own criminal act;\n(d) any act committed by him in a state of intoxication or insanity;\n(e) any natural cause or disease or medical or surgical treatment unless such treatment becomes necessary due to injury caused by the said untoward incident.\n(i) a railway servant on duty; and\n(ii) a person who has purchased a valid ticket for travelling, by a train carrying passengers, on any date or a valid platform ticket and becomes a victim of an untoward incident.]",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 136
        },
        {
            "number": "125",
            "title": "125. Application for compensation.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) by the person who has sustained the injury or suffered any loss, or\n(b) by any agent duly authorised by such person in this behalf, or\n(c) where such person is a minor, by his guardian, or\n(d) where death has resulted from the accident, [or the untoward incident]",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 137
        },
        {
            "number": "126",
            "title": "126. Interim relief by railway administration.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 138
        },
        {
            "number": "127",
            "title": "127. Determination of compensation in respect of any injury or loss of goods.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 139
        },
        {
            "number": "128",
            "title": "128. Saving as to certain rights.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 140
        },
        {
            "number": "129",
            "title": "129. Power to make rules in respect of matters in this Chapter.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the compensation payable for death;\n(b) the nature of the injuries for which compensation shall be paid and the amount of such compensation.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 141
        },
        {
            "number": "143",
            "title": "CHAPTER XIV",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER XIV",
            "content": "Regulation Of Hours Of Work And Period Of Rest",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 142
        },
        {
            "number": "130",
            "title": "130. Definitions.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the employment of a railway servant is said to be \"continuous\" except when it is excluded or has been declared to be essentially intermittent or intensive;\n(b) the employment of a railway servant is said to be \"essentially intermittent\" when it has been declared to be so by the prescribed authority on the ground that the daily hours of duty of the railway servant normally include periods of inaction aggregating to fifty per cent. or more (including at least one such period of not less than one hour or two such periods of not less than half an hour each) in a tour of twelve hours' duty (on the average over seventy-two consecutive hours), during which the railway servant may be on duty, but is not called upon to display either physical activity or sustained attention;\n(c) the employment of a railway servant is said to be \"excluded\", if he belongs to any one of the following categories, namely:-\n(i) railway servants employed in a managerial or confidential capacity;\n(ii) armed guards or other personnel subject to discipline similar to that of any of the armed police forces;\n(iii) staff of the railway schools imparting technical training or academic education;\n(iv) such staff as may be specified as supervisory under the rules;\n(v) such other categories of staff as may be prescribed;\n(d) the employment of a railway servant is said to be \"intensive\" when it has been declared to be so by the prescribed authority on the ground that it is of a strenuous nature involving continued concentration or hard manual labour with little or no period of relaxation.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": true,
            "sort_order": 143
        },
        {
            "number": "131",
            "title": "131. Chapter not to apply to certain railway servants.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 144
        },
        {
            "number": "132",
            "title": "132. Limitation of hours of work.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 145
        },
        {
            "number": "133",
            "title": "133. Grant of periodical rest.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) whose employment is intensive or continuous shall, for every week commencing on a Sunday, be granted a rest of not less than thirty consecutive hours;\n(b) whose employment is essentially intermittent shall, for every week commencing on a Sunday, be granted a rest of not less than twenty-four consecutive hours including a full night.\n(i) any locomotive or traffic running staff shall be granted, each month, a rest of at least four periods of not less than thirty consecutive hours each or at least five periods of not less than twenty-two consecutive hours each, including a full night;\n(ii) the Central Government may, by rules, specify the railway servants to whom periods of rest on scales less than those laid down under sub-section (1) may be granted and the periods thereof.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 146
        },
        {
            "number": "134",
            "title": "134. Railway servant to remain on duty.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 147
        },
        {
            "number": "135",
            "title": "135. Supervisors of railway labour.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) to inspect railways in order to determine whether the provisions of this Chapter or of the rules made thereunder are duly observed; and\n(ii) to perform such other functions as may be prescribed.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 148
        },
        {
            "number": "136",
            "title": "136. Power to make rules in respect of matters in this Chapter.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the authorities who may declare the employment of any railway servant essentially intermittent or intensive;\n(b) the appeals against any such declaration and the manner in which, and the conditions subject to which any such appeal may be filed and heard;\n(c) the categories of staff that may be specified under sub-clauses (iv) and (v) of clause (c) of section 130;\n(d) the authorities by whom exemptions under sub-section (4) of section 132 or sub-section (3) of section 133 may be made;\n(e) the delegation of power by the authorities referred to in clause (d);\n(f) the railway servants to whom clause (ii) of sub-section (2) of section 133 apply and the periods of rest to be granted to them;\n(g) the appointment of supervisors of railway labour and their functions.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 149
        },
        {
            "number": "151",
            "title": "CHAPTER XV",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER XV",
            "content": "Penalties And Offences",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 150
        },
        {
            "number": "137",
            "title": "137. Fraudulently travelling or attempting to travel without proper pass or ticket.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) enters or remains in any carriage on a railway or travels in a train in contravention of section 55, or\n(b) uses or attempts to use a single pass or a single ticket which has already been used on a previous journey, or in the case of a return ticket, a half thereof which has already been so used, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 151
        },
        {
            "number": "138",
            "title": "138. Levy of excess charge and fare for travelling without proper pass or ticket or beyond authorised distance.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) being in or having alighted from a train, fails or refuses to present for examination or to deliver up his pass or ticket immediately on a demand being made therefor under section 54, or\n(b) travels in a train in contravention of the provisions of section 55, he shall be liable to pay, on the demand of any railway servant authorised in this behalf, the excess charge mentioned in sub-section (3) in addition to the ordinary single fare for the distance which he has travelled or, where there is any doubt as to the station from which he started, the ordinary single fare from the station from which the train originally started, or, if the tickets of passengers travelling in the train have been examined since the original starting of the train, the ordinary single fare from the place where the tickets were so examined or in the case of their having been examined more than once, were last examined.\n(a) travels or attempts to travel in or on a carriage, or by a train, of a higher class than that for which he has obtained a pass or purchased a ticket; or\n(b) travels in or on a carriage beyond the place authorised by his pass or ticket, he shall be liable to pay, on the demand of any railway servant authorised in this behalf, any difference between the fare paid by him and the fare payable in respect of the journey he has made and the excess charge referred to in sub-section (3).",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 152
        },
        {
            "number": "139",
            "title": "139. Power to remove persons.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 153
        },
        {
            "number": "140",
            "title": "140. Security for good behaviour in certain cases.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 154
        },
        {
            "number": "141",
            "title": "141. Needlessly interfering with means of communication in a train.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) a fine of five hundred rupees, in the case of conviction for the first offence; and\n(b) imprisonment for three months in case of conviction for the second or subsequent offence.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 155
        },
        {
            "number": "142",
            "title": "142. Penalty for transfer of tickets.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) sells or attempts to sell any ticket or any half of a return ticket; or\n(b) parts or attempts to part with the possession of a return ticket against which reservation of a seat or berth has been made or any half of a return ticket or a season ticket, in order to enable any other person to travel therewith, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three months, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both, and shall also forfeit the ticket which he sells or attempts to sell or parts or attempts to part.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 156
        },
        {
            "number": "143",
            "title": "143. Penalty for unauthorised carrying on of business of procuring and supplying of railway tickets.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) carries on the business of procuring and supplying tickets for travel on a railway or for reserved accommodation for journey in a train; or\n(b) purchases or sells or attempts to purchase or sell tickets with a view to carrying on any such business either by himself or by any other person, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years or with fine which may extend to ten thousand rupees, or with both, and shall also forfeit the tickets which he so procures, supplies, purchases, sells or attempts to purchase or sell:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 157
        },
        {
            "number": "144",
            "title": "144. Prohibition on hawking, etc., and begging.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 158
        },
        {
            "number": "145",
            "title": "145. Drunkenness or nuisance.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) is in a state of intoxication; or\n(b) commits any nuisance or act of indecency or uses abusive or obscene language; or\n(c) wilfully or without excuse interferes with any amenity provided by the railway administration so as to affect the comfortable travel of any passenger, he may be removed from the railway by any railway servant and shall, in addition to the forfeiture of his pass or ticket, be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to six months and with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees:\n(a) a fine of one hundred rupees in the case of conviction for the first offence; and\n(b) imprisonment of one month and a fine of two hundred and fifty rupees, in the case of conviction for second or subsequent offence.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 159
        },
        {
            "number": "146",
            "title": "146. Obstructing railway servant in his duties.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 160
        },
        {
            "number": "147",
            "title": "147. Trespass and refusal to desist from trespass.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 161
        },
        {
            "number": "148",
            "title": "148. Penalty for making a false statement in an application for compensation.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 162
        },
        {
            "number": "149",
            "title": "149. Making a false claim for compensation.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 163
        },
        {
            "number": "150",
            "title": "150. Maliciously wrecking or attempting to wreck a train.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) puts or throws upon or across any railway, any wood, stone or other matter or thing; or\n(b) takes up, removes, loosens or displaces any rail, sleeper or other matter or things belonging to any railway; or\n(c) turns, moves, unlocks or diverts any points or other machinery belonging to any railway; or\n(d) makes or shows, or hides or removes, any signal or light upon or near to any railway; or\n(e) does or causes to be done or attempts to do any other act or thing in relation to any railway, with intent or with knowledge that he is likely to endanger the safety of any person travelling on or being upon the railway, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for life, or with rigorous imprisonment for a term which may extend to ten years:\n(a) three years, in the case of a conviction for the first offence; and\n(b) seven years, in the case of conviction for the second or subsequent offence.\n(a) with intent to cause the death of any person and the doing of such act or thing causes the death of any person; or\n(b) with knowledge that such act or thing is so imminently dangerous that it must in all probability cause the death of any person or such bodily injury to any person as is likely to cause the death of such person, he shall be punishable with death or imprisonment for life.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 164
        },
        {
            "number": "151",
            "title": "151. Damage to or destruction of certain railway properties.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 165
        },
        {
            "number": "152",
            "title": "152. Maliciously hurting or attempting to hurt persons travelling by railway.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 166
        },
        {
            "number": "153",
            "title": "153. Endangering safety of persons travelling by railway by wilful act or omission.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 167
        },
        {
            "number": "154",
            "title": "154. Endangering safety of persons travelling by railway by rash or negligent act or omission.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 168
        },
        {
            "number": "155",
            "title": "155. Entering into a compartment reserved or resisting entry into a compartment not reserved.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) having entered a compartment wherein no berth or seat has been reserved by a railway administration for his use, or\n(b) having unauthorisedly occupied a berth or seat reserved by a railway administration for the use of another passenger, refuses to leave it when required to do so by any railway servant authorised in this behalf, such railway servant may remove him or cause him to be removed, with the aid of any other person, from the compartment, berth or seat, as the case may be, and he shall also be punishable with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 169
        },
        {
            "number": "156",
            "title": "156. Travelling on roof, step or engine of a train.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 170
        },
        {
            "number": "157",
            "title": "157. Altering or defacing pass or ticket.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 171
        },
        {
            "number": "158",
            "title": "158. Penalty for contravention of any of the provisions of Chapter XIV.",
            "chapter": "Chapter XIV",
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 172
        },
        {
            "number": "159",
            "title": "159. Disobedience of drivers or conductors of vehicles to directions of railway servant, etc.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 173
        },
        {
            "number": "160",
            "title": "160. Opening or breaking a level crossing gate.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 174
        },
        {
            "number": "161",
            "title": "161. Negligently crossing unmanned level crossing.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) without stopping or caring to stop the vehicle near such level crossing to observe whether any approaching rolling stock is in sight, or\n(b) even while an approaching rolling stock is in sight.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 175
        },
        {
            "number": "162",
            "title": "162. Entering carriage or other place reserved for females.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) enters such carriage, compartment, room or other place, or having entered such carriage, compartment, room or place, remains therein; or\n(b) occupies any such berth or seat having been required by any railway servant to vacate it, he shall, in addition to being liable to forfeiture of his pass or ticket, be punishable with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees and may also be removed by any railway servant.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 176
        },
        {
            "number": "163",
            "title": "163. Giving false account of goods.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 177
        },
        {
            "number": "164",
            "title": "164. Unlawfully bringing dangerous goods on a railway.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 178
        },
        {
            "number": "165",
            "title": "165. Unlawfully bringing offensive goods on a railway.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 179
        },
        {
            "number": "166",
            "title": "166. Defacing public notices.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) pulls down or wilfully damages any board or document set up or posted by the order of a railway administration on a railway or any rolling stock; or\n(b) obliterates or alters any letters or figures upon any such board or document or upon any rolling stock, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to one month, or with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees, or with both.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 180
        },
        {
            "number": "167",
            "title": "167. Smoking.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 181
        },
        {
            "number": "168",
            "title": "168. Provision with respect to commission of offence by the children of acts endangering safety of person travelling on railway.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 182
        },
        {
            "number": "169",
            "title": "169. Levy of penalty on non-Government railway.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 183
        },
        {
            "number": "170",
            "title": "170. Recovery of penalty.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 184
        },
        {
            "number": "169",
            "title": "171. Section 169 or 170 not to preclude Central Government from taking any other action.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 185
        },
        {
            "number": "172",
            "title": "172. Penalty for intoxication.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 186
        },
        {
            "number": "173",
            "title": "173. Abandoning train, etc., without authority.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 187
        },
        {
            "number": "174",
            "title": "174. Obstructing running of train, etc.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) by squatting or picketing or during any rail roko agitation or bandh ; or\n(b) by keeping without authority any rolling stock on the railway; or\n(c) by tampering with, disconnecting or interfering in any other manner with its hose pipe or tampering with signal gear or otherwise, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees, or with both.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 188
        },
        {
            "number": "175",
            "title": "175. Endangering the safety of persons.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) by disobeying any rule made under this Act; or\n(b) by disobeying any instruction, direction or order under this Act or the rules made thereunder; or\n(c) by any rash or negligent act or omission, he shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 189
        },
        {
            "number": "176",
            "title": "176. Obstructing level crossing.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) allows any rolling stock to stand across a place where the railway crosses a public road on the level; or\n(b) keeps a level crossing closed against the public, he shall be punishable with fine which may extend to one hundred rupees.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 190
        },
        {
            "number": "177",
            "title": "177. False returns.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 191
        },
        {
            "number": "178",
            "title": "178. Making a false report by a railway servant.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[179. Arrest for offences under certain sections.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 192
        },
        {
            "number": "180",
            "title": "180. Arrest of persons likely to abscond, etc.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[180-A. Inquiry by officer authorised to ascertain commission of offence.\n180-B. Powers of officer authorised to inquire.\n(i) summon and enforce the attendance of any person and record his statement;\n(ii) require the discovery and production of any document;\n(iii) requisition any public record or copy thereof from any office, authority or person;\n(iv) enter and search any premises or person and seize any property or document which may be relevant to the subject-matter of the inquiry.\n180-C. Disposal of persons arrested.\n180-D. Inquiry how to be made against arrested person.\n(2) For this purpose, the officer authorised may exercise the same powers and shall be subject to the same provisions as the officer in charge of a police station may exercise and is subject to the provisions of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 (2 of 1974), when investigating a cognisable case:\n(a) if the officer authorised is of the opinion that there is sufficient evidence or reasonable ground of suspicion against the accused person, he shall either admit him to bail to appear before a Magistrate having jurisdiction in the case, or forward him in custody to such Magistrate;\n(b) if it appears to the officer authorised that there is not sufficient evidence or reasonable ground of suspicion against the accused person, he shall release the accused person on his executing a bond, with or without sureties as the officer authorised may direct, to appear, if and when so required, before the Magistrate having jurisdiction.\n180-E. Search, seizure and arrest how to be made.\n180-F. Cognizance by Court on a complaint made by officer authorised.\n180-G. Punishment for certain offences in relation to inquiry.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 193
        },
        {
            "number": "181",
            "title": "181. Magistrate having jurisdiction under the Act.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 194
        },
        {
            "number": "182",
            "title": "182. Place of trial.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 195
        },
        {
            "number": "197",
            "title": "CHAPTER XVI",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER XVI",
            "content": "Miscellaneous",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 196
        },
        {
            "number": "183",
            "title": "183. Power to provide other transport services.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 197
        },
        {
            "number": "184",
            "title": "184. Taxation on railways by local authorities.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 198
        },
        {
            "number": "185",
            "title": "185. Taxation on railways for advertisement.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 199
        },
        {
            "number": "186",
            "title": "186. Protection of action taken in good faith.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 200
        },
        {
            "number": "187",
            "title": "187. Restriction on execution against railway property.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 201
        },
        {
            "number": "409",
            "title": "188. Railway servants to be public servants for the purposes of Chapter IX and section 409 of the Indian Penal Code.",
            "chapter": "Chapter IX",
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 202
        },
        {
            "number": "189",
            "title": "189. Railway servants not to engage in trade.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) purchase or bid for, either in person or by an agent, in his own name or in that of another, or jointly or in shares with others, any property put to auction under section 83 or section 84 or section 85 or section 90; or\n(b) in contravention of any direction of the railway administration in this behalf, engage in trade.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 203
        },
        {
            "number": "190",
            "title": "190. Procedure for delivery to railway administration of property detained by a railway servant.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 204
        },
        {
            "number": "191",
            "title": "191. Proof of entries in records and documents.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 205
        },
        {
            "number": "192",
            "title": "192. Service of notice, etc., on railway administration.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) by delivering it to him; or\n(b) by leaving it at his office; or\n(c) by registered post to his office address.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 206
        },
        {
            "number": "193",
            "title": "193. Service of notice, etc., by railway administration.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) by delivering it to the person; or\n(b) by leaving it at the usual or last known place of abode of the person; or\n(c) by registered post addressed to the person at his usual or last known place of abode.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 207
        },
        {
            "number": "194",
            "title": "194. Presumption where notice is served by post.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 208
        },
        {
            "number": "195",
            "title": "195. Representation of railway administration.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 209
        },
        {
            "number": "196",
            "title": "196. Power to exempt railway from Act.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 210
        },
        {
            "number": "197",
            "title": "197. Matters supplemental to the definitions of \"railway\" and \"railway servant\".",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": true,
            "sort_order": 211
        },
        {
            "number": "198",
            "title": "198. General power to make rules.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 212
        },
        {
            "number": "199",
            "title": "199. Rules to be laid before Parliament.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 213
        },
        {
            "number": "200",
            "title": "200. Repeal and saving.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) anything done or any action taken or purported to have been done or taken (including any rule, notification, inspection, order or notice made or issued, or any appointment or declaration made or any licence, permission, authorisation or exemption granted or any document or instrument executed or any direction given or any proceedings taken or any penalty or fine imposed) under the repealed Act shall, insofar as it is not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, be deemed to have been done or taken under the corresponding provisions of this Act;\n(b) any complaint made to the Railway Rates Tribunal under sub-section (1) of section 41 of the repealed Act but not disposed of before the commencement of this Act and any complaint that may be made to the said Tribunal against any act or omission of a railway administration under the repealed Act, shall be heard and decided by the Tribunal constituted under this Act in accordance with the provisions of Chapter VII of this Act.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 214
        }
    ],
    "metadata": {
        "Act ID": "21/927",
        "Act Number": "(24 OF 1989)",
        "Enactment Date": "3rd June, 1989",
        "Act Year": "1989",
        "Short Title": "The Railways Act, 1989",
        "Type": "CENTRAL",
        "Location": "India (Central)"
    },
    "updated_at": "2026-09-29 21:51:57"
}