The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988

{
    "id": 12460,
    "slug": "motor-vehicles-act-1988",
    "title": "The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988",
    "short_title": "The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988",
    "act_number": "(59 of 1988)",
    "act_year": 1988,
    "act_type": "CENTRAL",
    "location": "India (Central)",
    "law_status": "unknown",
    "enactment_date": "1988-10-14",
    "description": "The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988",
    "preamble": "",
    "section_label": "Section",
    "sections": [
        {
            "number": "1",
            "title": "1. Short title, extent and commencement.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "Object & Reasons▼\nStatement of Objects and Reasons.\n(a) the fast increasing number of both commercial vehicles and personal vehicles in the country;\n(b) the need for encouraging adoption of higher technology in automotive sector;\n(c) the greater flow of passenger and freight with the least impediments so that islands of isolation are not created leading to regional or local imbalances;\n(d) concern for road safety standards, and pollution-control measures, standards for transportation of hazardous and explosive materials;\n(e) simplification of procedure and policy liberalisations for private sector operations in the road transport field; and\n(f) need for effective ways of tracking down traffic offenders.\n(a) rationalization of certain definitions with additions of certain new definitions of new types of vehicles;\n(b) stricter procedures relating to grant of driving licences and the period of validity thereof;\n(c) laying down of standards for the components and parts of motor vehicles;\n(d) standards for anti-pollution control devices;\n(e) provision for issuing fitness certificates of vehicles also by the authorised testing stations;\n(f) enabling provision for updating the system of registration marks;\n(g) liberalised schemes for grant of stage carriage permits on non-nationalised routes, all-India Tourist permits and also national permits for goods carriages;\n(h) administration of the Solatium Scheme by the General Insurance Corporation;\n(i) provision for enhanced compensation in cases of \"no fault liability\" and in hit and run motor accidents;\n(j) provision for payment of compensation by the insurer to the extent of actual liability to the victims of motor accidents irrespective of the class of vehicles;\n(k) maintenance of State registers for driving licences and vehicle registration;\n(l) constitution of Road Safety Councils.\nAmendment Act 54 of 1994-Statement of Objects and Reasons.\n(a) the introduction of newer type of vehicles and fast increasing number of both commercial and personal vehicles in the country;\n(b) providing adequate compensation to victims of road accidents without going into longdrawn procedure;\n(c) protecting consumers' interests in Transport Sector;\n(d) concern for road safety standards, transport of hazardous chemicals and pollution control;\n(e) delegation of greater powers to State Transport Authorities and rationalising the role of public authorities in certain matters;\n(f) the simplification of procedures and policy liberalisation in the field of Road Transport;\n(g) enhancing penalties for traffic offenders.\n(a) modification and amplification of certain definitions of new type of vehicles;\n(b) simplification of procedure for grant of driving licences;\n(c) putting restrictions on the alteration of vehicles;\n(d) certain exemptions for vehicles running on non-polluting fuels;\n(e) ceilings on individuals or company holdings removed to curb \"benami\" holdings;\n(f) States authorised to appoint one or more State Transport Appellate Tribunals;\n(g) punitive checks on the use of such components that do not conform to the prescribed standards by manufacturers, and also stocking/sale by the traders;\n(h) increase in the amount of compensation of the victims of hit and run cases;\n(i) removal of time limit for filing of application by road accident victims for compensation;\n(j) punishment in case of certain offences is made stringent;\n(k) a new pre-determined formula for payment of compensation to road accident victims on the basis of age/income, which is more liberal and rational.\nAmendment Act 27 of 2000-Statement of Objects and Reasons.\nAmendment Act 39 of 2001-Statement of Objects and Reasons.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 0
        },
        {
            "number": "2",
            "title": "2. Definitions.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[(1) \"adapted vehicle\" means a motor vehicle either specially designed and constructed, or to which alterations have been made under sub-section (2) of section 52, for the use of a person suffering from any physical defect or disability, and used solely by or for such person;\n(1A) \"aggregator\" means a digital intermediary or market place for a passenger to connect with a driver for the purpose of transportation;\n(1B) \"area\" , in relation to any provision of this Act, means such area as the State Government may, having regard to the requirements of that provision, specify by notification in the Official Gazette;]\n(2) articulated vehicle means a motor vehicle to which a semi-trailer is attached;\n(3) axle weight means in relation to an axle of a vehicle the total weight transmitted by the several wheels attached to that axle to the surface on which the vehicle rests;\n(4) certificate of registration means the certificate issued by a competent authority to the effect that a motor vehicle has been duly registered in accordance with the provisions of Chapter IV;\n[(4A) \"community service\" means an unpaid work which a person is required to perform as a punishment for an offence committed under this Act;]\n(5) conductor, in relation to a stage carriage, means a person engaged in collecting fares from passengers, regulating their entrance into, or exit from, the stage carriage and performing such other functions as may be prescribed;\n(6) conductors licence means the licence issued by a competent authority under Chapter III authorising the person specified therein to act as a conductor;\n(7) contract carriage means a motor vehicle which carries a passenger or passengers for hire or reward and is engaged under a contract, whether expressed or implied, for the use of such vehicle as a whole for the carriage of passengers mentioned therein and entered into by a person with a holder of a permit in relation to such vehicle or any person authorised by him in this behalf on a fixed or an agreed rate or sum\n(a) on a time basis, whether or not with reference to any route or distance; or\n(b) from one point to another,\n(i) a maxicab; and\n(ii) a motorcab notwithstanding that separate fares are charged for its passengers;\n(8) dealer includes a person who is engaged\n(a) [* * *]\n(b) in building bodies for attachment to chassis; or\n(c) in the repair of motor vehicles; or\n(d) in the business of hypothecation, leasing or hire-purchase of motor vehicle;\n(9) driver includes, in relation to a motor vehicle which is drawn by another motor vehicle, the person who acts as a steersman of the drawn vehicle;\n[(9A) \"driver refresher training course\" means the course referred to in sub-section (2A) of section 19;]\n(10) driving licence means the licence issued by a competent authority under Chapter II authorising the person specified therein to drive, otherwise than as a learner, a motor vehicle or a motor vehicle of any specified class or description;\n(11) educational institution bus means an omnibus, which is owned by a college, school or other educational institution and used solely for the purpose of transporting students or staff of the educational institution in connection with any of its activities;\n(12) fares includes sums payable for a season ticket or in respect of the hire of a contract carriage;\n[(12A) \"golden hour\" means the time period lasting one hour following a traumatic injury during which there is highest likelihood of preventing death by providing prompt medical care;]\n(13) goods includes livestock, and anything (other than equipment ordinarily used with the vehicle) carried by a vehicle except living persons, but does not include luggage or personal effects carried in a motor car or in a trailer attached to a motor car or the personal luggage of passengers travelling in the vehicle;\n(14) goods carriage means any motor vehicle constructed or adapted for use solely for the carriage of goods, or any motor vehicle not so constructed or adapted when used for the carriage of goods;\n(15) gross vehicle weight means in respect of any vehicle the total weight of the vehicle and load certified and registered by the registering authority as permissible for that vehicle;\n(16) heavy goods vehicle means any goods carriage the gross vehicle weight of which, or a tractor or a road-roller the unladen weight of either of which, exceeds 12,000 kilo grams;\n(17) heavy passenger motor vehicle means any public service vehicle or private service vehicle or educational institution bus or omnibus the gross vehicle weight of any of which, or a motor car the unladen weight of which, exceeds 12,000 kilo grams;\n[***]\n(19) learners licence means the licence issued by a competent authority under Chapter II authorising the person specified therein to drive as a learner, a motor vehicle or a motor vehicle of any specified class or description;\n(20) licensing authority means an authority empowered to issue licences under Chapter II or, as the case may be, Chapter III;\n(21) light motor vehicle means a transport vehicle or omnibus the gross vehicle weight of either of which or a motor car or tractor or road-roller the unladen weight of any of which, does not exceed [7500] kilo grams;\n[(21-A) manufacturer means a person who is engaged in the manufacture of motor vehicles;]\n(22) maxicab means any motor vehicle constructed or adapted to carry more than six passengers, but not more than twelve passengers, excluding the driver, for hire or reward;\n(23) medium goods vehicle means any goods carriage other than a light motor vehicle or a heavy goods vehicle;\n(24) medium passenger motor vehicle means any public service vehicle or private service vehicle, or educational institution bus other than a motor cycle, [adapted vehicle] , light motor vehicle or heavy passenger motor vehicle;\n(25) motorcab means any motor vehicle constructed or adapted to carry not more than six passengers excluding the driver for hire or reward;\n(26) motor car means any motor vehicle other than a transport vehicle, omnibus, road-roller, tractor, motor cycle or [adapted vehicle] ;\n(27) motor cycle means a two-wheeled motor vehicle, inclusive of any detachable side-car having an extra wheel, attached to the motor vehicle;\n(28) motor vehicle or vehicle means any mechanically propelled vehicle adapted for use upon roads whether the power of propulsion is transmitted thereto from an external or internal source and includes a chassis to which a body has not been attached and a trailer; but does not include a vehicle running upon fixed rails or a vehicle of a special type adapted for use only in a factory or in any other enclosed premises or a vehicle having less than four wheels fitted with engine capacity of not exceeding [twenty-five cubic centimetres ] ;\n(29) omnibus means any motor vehicle constructed or adapted to carry more than six persons excluding the driver;\n(30) owner means a person in whose name a motor vehicle stands registered and where such person is a minor, the guardian of such minor, and in relation to a motor vehicle which is the subject of a hire-purchase, agreement, or an agreement of lease or an agreement of hypothecation, the person in possession of the vehicle under that agreement;\n(31) permit means a permit issued by a State or Regional Transport Authority or an authority prescribed in this behalf under this Act authorising the use of a motor vehicle as a transport vehicle;\n(32) prescribed means prescribed by rules made under this Act;\n(33) private service vehicle means a motor vehicle constructed or adapted to carry more than six persons excluding the driver and ordinarily used by or on behalf of the owner of such vehicle for the purpose of carrying persons for, or in connection with, his trade or business otherwise than for hire or reward but does not include a motor vehicle used for public purposes;\n(34) public place means a road, street, way or other place, whether a thoroughfare or not, to which the public have a right of access, and includes any place or stand at which passengers are picked up or set down by a stage carriage;\n(35) public service vehicle means any motor vehicle used or adapted to be used for the carriage of passengers for hire or reward, and includes a maxicab, a motorcab, contract carriage, and stage carriage;\n(36) registered axle weight means in respect of the axle of any vehicle, the axle weight certified and registered by the registering authority as permissible for that axle;\n(37) registering authority means an authority empowered to register motor vehicles under Chapter IV;\n(38) route means a line of travel which specifies the highway which may be traversed by a motor vehicle between one terminus and another;\n[(38A) \"scheme\" means a scheme framed under this Act;]\n[(39) semi-trailer means a vehicle not mechanically propelled (other than a trailer), which is intended to be connected to a motor vehicle and which is so constructed that a portion of it is super-imposed on, and a part of whose weight is borne by, that motor vehicle;]\n(40) stage carriage means a motor vehicle constructed or adapted to carry more than six passengers excluding the driver for hire or reward at separate fares paid by or for individual passengers, either for the whole journey or for stages of the journey;\n(41) State Government, in relation to a Union territory, means the Administrator thereof appointed under article 239 of the Constitution;\n(42) State transport undertaking means any undertaking providing road transport service, where such undertaking is carried on by,\n[(42A) \"testing agency\" means any entity designated as a testing agency under section 110B;]\n(i) the Central Government or a State Government;\n(ii) any Road Transport Corporation established under section 3 of the Road Transport Corporations Act, 1950;\n(iii) any municipality or any corporation or company owned or controlled by the Central Government or one or more State Governments, or by the Central Government and one or more State Governments;\n(iv) Zilla Parishad or any other similar local authority.]\n(43) tourist vehicle means a contract carriage constructed or adapted and equipped and maintained in accordance with such specifications as may be prescribed in this behalf;\n(44) tractor means a motor vehicle which is not itself constructed to carry any load (other than equipment used for the purpose of propulsion); but excludes a road-roller;\n(45) traffic signs includes all signals, warning sign posts, direction posts, markings on the road or other devices for the information, guidance or direction of drivers of motor vehicles;\n(46) trailer means any vehicle, other than a semi-trailer and a side-car, drawn or intended to be drawn by a motor vehicle;\n(47) transport vehicle means a public service vehicle, a goods carriage, an educational institution bus or a private service vehicle;\n(48) unladen weight means the weight of a vehicle or trailer including all equipment ordinarily used with the vehicle or trailer when working, but excluding the weight of a driver or attendant; and where alternative parts or bodies are used the unladen weight of the vehicle means the weight of the vehicle with the heaviest such alternative part or body;\n(49) weight means the total weight transmitted for the time being by the wheels of a vehicle to the surface on which the vehicle rests [or moves] .\n[2A. E-Cart and E-Rickshaw. -\n[2B. Promotion of innovation.\nChapter II\nLicensing Of Drivers Of Motor Vehicles",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": true,
            "sort_order": 1
        },
        {
            "number": "3",
            "title": "3. Necessity for driving licence.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 2
        },
        {
            "number": "4",
            "title": "4. Age limit in connection with driving of motor vehicles.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 3
        },
        {
            "number": "5",
            "title": "5. Responsibility of owners of motor vehicles for contravention of sections 3 and 4.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 4
        },
        {
            "number": "6",
            "title": "6. Restrictions on the holding of driving licences.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 5
        },
        {
            "number": "7",
            "title": "7. Restrictions on the granting of learners licences for certain vehicles.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "OLD LAW  ▼\nPrior to its substitution, sub-Section (1) read as under\n(a) to drive a heavy goods vehicle unless he has held a driving licence for at least two years to drive a light motor vehicle or for at least one year to drive a medium goods vehicle; (b) to drive a heavy passenger motor vehicle unless he has held a driving licence for at least two years to drive a light motor vehicle or for at least one year to drive a medium passenger motor vehicle; (c) to drive a medium goods vehicle or a medium passenger motor vehicle unless he has held a driving licence for at least one year to drive a light motor vehicle.\"\n(b) to drive a heavy passenger motor vehicle unless he has held a driving licence for at least two years to drive a light motor vehicle or for at least one year to drive a medium passenger motor vehicle; (c) to drive a medium goods vehicle or a medium passenger motor vehicle unless he has held a driving licence for at least one year to drive a light motor vehicle.\"\n(c) to drive a medium goods vehicle or a medium passenger motor vehicle unless he has held a driving licence for at least one year to drive a light motor vehicle.\"",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 6
        },
        {
            "number": "8",
            "title": "8. Grant of learners licence.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) in which he ordinarily resides or carries on business, or\n(ii) in which the school or establishment referred to in section 12 from where he intends to receive instruction in driving a motor vehicle is situate, for the issue to him of a learners licence .",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 7
        },
        {
            "number": "9",
            "title": "9. Grant of driving licence.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) in which he ordinarily resides or carries on business, or\n(ii) in which the school or establishment referred to in section 12 from where he is receiving or has received instruction in driving a motor vehicle is situated,\n(a)( i ) the applicant has previously held a driving licence to drive such class of vehicle and that the period between the date of expiry of that licence and the date of the application does not exceed five years, or\n(ii) the applicant holds or has previously held a driving licence to drive such class of vehicle issued under section 18, or\n(iii) the applicant holds a driving licence to drive such class of vehicle issued by a competent authority of any country outside India, subject to the condition that the applicant complies with the provisions of sub-section (3) of section 8,\n(b) the applicant is not suffering from any disability which is likely to cause driving by him to be a source of danger to the public; and the licensing authority may, for that purpose, require the applicant to produce a medical certificate in the same form and in the same manner as is referred to in sub-section (3) of section 8:\nOLD LAW  ▼\nOLD LAW  ▼\nPrior to its substitution, sub-Section (5) read as under:- \" (5) Where the applicant does not pass to the satisfaction of the licensing authority the test of competence to drive under sub-Section (3), he shall not be qualified to re-appear for such test,- (a) in the case of first three such test, before a period of one month from the date of last such test. (b) in case of such test after the first three tests, before period of one year from the date of last such test.\"\n(a) in the case of first three such test, before a period of one month from the date of last such test. (b) in case of such test after the first three tests, before period of one year from the date of last such test.\"\n(b) in case of such test after the first three tests, before period of one year from the date of last such test.\"\n(a) is a habitual criminal or a habitual drunkard; or\n(b) is a habitual addict to any narcotic drug or psychotropic substance within the meaning of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985 (61 of 1985); or\n(c) is a person whose licence to drive any motor vehicle has, at any time earlier, been revoked,",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 8
        },
        {
            "number": "10",
            "title": "10. Form and contents of licences to drive.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) motor cycle without gear;\n(b) motor cycle with gear;\n(c) [adapted vehicle] ;\n(d) light motor vehicle;\n[(e) transport vehicle;]\n(i) road-roller;\n(j) motor vehicle of a specified description.\nOLD LAW  ▼",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 9
        },
        {
            "number": "11",
            "title": "11. Additions to driving licence.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 10
        },
        {
            "number": "12",
            "title": "12. Licensing and regulation of schools or establishments for imparting instruction in driving of motor vehicles.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) licensing of such schools or establishments including grant, renewal and revocation of such licences;\n(b) supervision of such schools or establishments;\n(c) the form of application and the form of licence and the particulars to be contained therein;\n(d) fee to be paid with the application for such licences;\n(e) conditions subject to which such licences may be granted;\n(f) appeals against the orders of refusal to grant or renew such licences and appeals against the orders revoking such licences;\n(g) conditions subject to which a person may establish and maintain any such school or establishment for imparting instruction in driving of motor vehicles;\n(h) nature, syllabus and duration of course or courses for efficient instruction in driving any motor vehicle;\n(i) apparatus and equipments (including motor vehicles fitted with dual control) required for the purpose of imparting such instruction;\n(j) suitability of the premises at which such schools or establishments may be established or maintained and facilities to be provided therein;\n(k) qualifications, both educational and professional (including experience), which a person imparting instruction in driving a motor vehicle shall possess;\n(l) inspection of such schools and establishments (including the services rendered by them and the apparatus, equipments and motor vehicles maintained by them for imparting such instruction);\n(m) maintenance of records by such schools or establishments;\n(n) financial stability of such schools or establishments;\n(o) the driving certificates, if any, to be issued by such schools or establishments and the form in which such driving certificates shall be issued and the requirements to be complied with for the purposes of issuing such certificates;\n(p) such other matters as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 11
        },
        {
            "number": "13",
            "title": "13. Extent of effectiveness of licences to drive motor vehicles.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 12
        },
        {
            "number": "14",
            "title": "14. Currency of licences to drive motor vehicles.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) in the case of a licence to drive a transport vehicle, be effective for a period of [five years] : [*]\n[(b) in the case of any other licence, subject to such conditions as the Central Government may prescribe, if the person obtaining the licence, either originally or on renewal thereof, -\n(i) has not attained the age of thirty years on the date of issue or, renewal thereof, be effective until the date on which such person attains the age of forty years; or\n(ii) has attained the age of thirty years but has not attained the age of fifty years on the date of issue or, renewal thereof, be effective for a period of ten years from the date of such issue or renewal; or\n(iii) has attained the age of fifty years but has not attained the age of fifty-five years on the date of issue or, renewal thereof, be effective until the date on which such person attains the age of sixty years; or\n(iv) has attained the age of fifty-five years on the date of issue or as the case may be, renewal thereof, be effective for a period of five years from the date of such issue or renewal.]\nOLD LAW  ▼",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 13
        },
        {
            "number": "15",
            "title": "15. Renewal of driving licences.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 14
        },
        {
            "number": "16",
            "title": "16. Revocation of driving licence on grounds of disease or disability.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 15
        },
        {
            "number": "17",
            "title": "17. Orders refusing or revoking driving licences and appeals therefrom.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 16
        },
        {
            "number": "18",
            "title": "18. Driving licences to drive motor vehicles, belonging to the Central Government.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 17
        },
        {
            "number": "19",
            "title": "19. Power of licensing authority to disqualify from holding a driving licence or revoke such licence.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) is a habitual criminal or a habitual drunkard; or\n(b) is a habitual addict to any narcotic drug or psychotropic substance within the meaning of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985; or\n(c) is using or has used a motor vehicle in the commission of a cognizable offence; or\n(d) has by his previous conduct as driver of a motor vehicle shown that his driving is likely to be attended with danger to the public; or\n(e) has obtained any driving licence or a licence to drive a particular class or description of motor vehicle by fraud or misrepresentation; or\n(f) has committed any such act which is likely to cause nuisance or danger to the public, as may be prescribed by the Central Government, having regard to the objects of this Act; or\n(g) has failed to submit to, or has not passed, the tests referred to in the proviso to sub-section (3) of section 22; or\n(h) being a person under the age of eighteen years who has been granted a learners licence or a driving licence with the consent in writing of the person having the care of the holder of the licence and has ceased to be in such care,\n(i) disqualifying that person for a specified period for holding or obtaining any driving licence to drive all or any classes or descriptions of vehicles specified in the licence; or\n(ii) revoke any such licence .\n(a) for a first offence, for a period of three months;\n(b) for a second or subsequent offence, with revocation of the driving licence of such person:\n(a) if the driving licence is a driving licence issued under this Act, keep it until the disqualification has expired or has been removed; or\n(b) if it is not a driving licence issued under this Act, endorse the disqualification upon it and send it to the licensing authority by which it was issued; or\n(c) in the case of revocation of any licence, endorse the revocation upon it and if it is not the authority which issued the same, intimate the fact of revocation to the authority which issued that licence :",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 18
        },
        {
            "number": "20",
            "title": "20. Power of Court to disqualify.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) who having been convicted of an offence punishable under section 184 is again convicted of an offence punishable under that section,\n(b) who is convicted of an offence punishable under section 189, or\n(c) who is convicted of an offence punishable under section 192:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 19
        },
        {
            "number": "21",
            "title": "21. Suspension of driving licence in certain cases.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) for a period of six months from the date on which the case is registered, or\n(b) if such person is discharged or acquitted before the expiry of the period aforesaid, until such discharge or acquittal, as the case may be.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 20
        },
        {
            "number": "22",
            "title": "22. Suspension or cancellation of driving licence on conviction.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 21
        },
        {
            "number": "23",
            "title": "23. Effect of disqualification order.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 22
        },
        {
            "number": "24",
            "title": "24. Endorsement.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 23
        },
        {
            "number": "25",
            "title": "25. Transfer of endorsement and issue of driving licence free from endorsement.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) if the person in respect of whom the endorsement is to be made is at the time the holder of a driving licence, he shall produce the driving licence to the Court or authority within five days, or such longer time as the Court or authority may fix; or\n(b) if, not being then the holder of a driving licence, he subsequently obtains a driving licence, he shall within five days after obtaining the driving licence produce it to the Court or authority;\n[25A. National Register of Driving Licences.\n[26. Maintenance of State Registers of Driving Licences.\n(a) names and addresses of holders of driving licences;\n(b) licence numbers;\n(c) dates of issue or renewal of licences;\n(d) dates of expiry of licences;\n(e) classes and types of vehicles authorised to be driven; and\n(f) such other particulars as the Central Government may prescribe.]",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 24
        },
        {
            "number": "27",
            "title": "27. Power of Central Government to make rules.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[(a) specifications relating to e-cart and e-rickshaw under sub-section (10) of section 9;]\n[(aa)] regarding conditions referred to in sub-section (2) of section 3;\n(b) providing for the form in which the application for learners licence may be made, the information it shall contain and the documents to be submitted with the application referred to in sub-section (2) of section 8;\n(c) providing for the form of medical certificate referred to in sub-section (3) of section 8;\n(d) providing for the particulars for the test referred to in sub-section (5) of section 8;\n[(da) the form and manner in which a licensing authority may issue a learner's licence under sub-section (6) of section 8;\n(db) the manner in which a licensing authority may verify the identity of the applicant under the third proviso to sub-section (6) of section 8;]\n(e) providing for the form in which the application for driving licence may be made, the information it shall contain and the documents to be submitted with the application referred to in sub-section (2) of section 9;\n(f) providing for the particulars regarding test of competence to drive, referred to in sub-section (3) of section 9;\n[(ff) the manner and the conditions subject to which the driving licence may be issued under sub-section (10) of section 9;]\n(g) specifying the minimum educational qualifications of persons to whom licences to drive transport vehicles may be issued under this Act and the time within which such qualifications are to be acquired by such persons;\n(h) providing for the form and contents of the licences referred to in sub-section (1) of section 10;\n(i) providing for the form and contents of the application referred to in sub-section (1) of section 11 and documents to be submitted with the application and the fee to be charged;\n(j) providing for the conditions subject to which section 9 shall apply to an application made under section 11;\n[(ja) the curriculum of training modules and the regulation of schools and establishments under sub-section (6) of section 12;\n(jb) the conditions for the renewal of licence to drive transport vehicles carrying goods of dangerous or hazardous nature and other motor vehicles under clause (a) and clause (b) of sub-section (2) of section 14;\n(jc) the manner in which a licensing authority may verify the identity of the applicant under the third proviso to sub-section (2) of section 11;]\n(k) providing for the form and contents of the application referred to in sub-section (1) of section 15 and the documents to accompany such application under sub-section (2) of section 15;\n(l) providing for the authority to grant licences under sub-section (1) of section 18;\n(m) specifying the fees payable under sub-section (2) of section 8, sub-section (2) of section 9 and sub-sections (3) and (4) of section 15 for the grant of learners licences, and for the grant and renewal of driving licences and licences for the purpose of regulating the schools or establishments for imparting instructions in driving motor vehicles;\n(n) specifying the acts for the purposes of clause (f) of sub-section (1) of section 19;\n[(na) the manner of placing in the public domain of the name of the licence holder as referred to in sub-section (1A) of section 19;\n(nb) providing for the nature, syllabus and duration of the driver refresher training course as referred to in sub-section (2B) of section 19;]\n(o) specifying the offences under this Act for the purposes of sub-section (2) of section 24;\n[(oa) all or any of the matters referred to in section 25A;]\n(p) to provide for all or any of the matters referred to in [***] section 26;\n(q) any other matter which is, or has to be, prescribed by the Central Government.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 25
        },
        {
            "number": "28",
            "title": "28. Power of State Government to make rules.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the appointment, jurisdiction, control and functions of licensing authorities and other prescribed authorities;\n(b) the conduct and hearing of appeals that may be preferred under this Chapter, the fees to be paid in respect of such appeals and the refund of such fees:\n(c) the issue of duplicate licences to replace licences lost, destroyed or mutilated, the replacement of photographs which have become obsolete and the fees to be charged therefor;\n(d) the badges and uniform to be worn by drivers of transport vehicles and the fees to be paid in respect of badges;\n(e) the fee payable for the issue of a medical certificate under sub-section (3) of section 8;\n(f) the exemption of prescribed persons, or prescribed classes of persons, from payment of all or any portion of the fees payable under this Chapter;\n(g) the communication of particulars of licences granted by one licensing authority to other licensing authorities;\n(h) the duties, functions and conduct of such persons to whom licences to drive transport vehicles are issued;\n(i) the exemption of drivers of road-rollers from all or any of the provisions of this Chapter or of the rules made thereunder;\n[***]\n(k) any other matter which is to be, or may be, prescribed.\nChapter III\nLicensing Of Conductors Of Stage Carriages",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 26
        },
        {
            "number": "29",
            "title": "29. Necessity for conductors licence.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 27
        },
        {
            "number": "30",
            "title": "30. Grant of conductors licence.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 28
        },
        {
            "number": "31",
            "title": "31. Disqualifications for the grant of conductors licence.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) if the applicant does not possess the minimum educational qualification;\n(b) if the medical certificate produced by the applicant discloses that he is physically unfit to act as a conductor; and\n(c) if any previous conductors licence held by the applicant was revoked.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 29
        },
        {
            "number": "32",
            "title": "32. Revocation of a conductors licence on grounds of disease or disability.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 30
        },
        {
            "number": "33",
            "title": "33. Orders refusing, etc., conductors licences and appeals therefrom.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 31
        },
        {
            "number": "34",
            "title": "34. Power of licensing authority to disqualify.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 32
        },
        {
            "number": "35",
            "title": "35. Power of Court to disqualify.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 33
        },
        {
            "number": "36",
            "title": "36. Certain provisions of Chapter II to apply to conductors licence.",
            "chapter": "Chapter II",
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 34
        },
        {
            "number": "37",
            "title": "37. Savings.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 35
        },
        {
            "number": "38",
            "title": "38. Power of State Government to make rules.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the appointment, jurisdiction, control and functions of licensing authorities and other prescribed authorities under this Chapter;\n(b) the conditions subject to which drivers of stage carriages performing the functions of a conductor and persons temporarily employed to act as conductors may be exempted from the provisions of sub-section (1) of section 29;\n(c) the minimum educational qualifications of conductors; their duties and functions and the conduct of persons to whom conductors licences are issued;\n(d) the form of application for conductors licences or for renewal of such licences and the particulars it may contain;\n(e) the form in which conductors licences may be issued or renewed and the particulars it may contain;\n(f) the issue of duplicate licences to replace licences lost, destroyed or mutilated, the replacement of photographs which have become obsolete and the fees to be charged therefor;\n(g) the conduct and hearing of appeals that may be preferred under this Chapter, the fees to be paid in respect of such appeals and the refund of such fees:\n(h) the badges and uniform to be worn by conductors of stage carriages and the fees to be paid in respect of such badges;\n(i) the grant of the certificates referred to in sub-section (3) of section 30 by registered medical practitioners and the form of such certificates;\n(j) the conditions subject to which, and the extent to which, a conductors licence issued in another State shall be effective in the State;\n(k) the communication of particulars of conductors licences from one authority to other authorities; and\n(l) any other matter which is to be, or may be, prescribed.\nChapter IV\nRegistration Of Motor Vehicles",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 36
        },
        {
            "number": "39",
            "title": "39. Necessity for registration.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 37
        },
        {
            "number": "40",
            "title": "40. Registration, where to be made.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 38
        },
        {
            "number": "41",
            "title": "41. Registration, how to be made.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "STATE AMENDMENTS  ▼\n(a) in sub-Ss. (7) and (8), the expression, other than a transport vehicle, shall be deleted;\n(b) after sub-S. (7) so amended, insert the following proviso, namely:\n(c) in sub-S. (10), after the words for a period of five years and before the words and intimate, the expression on payment of all taxes, penalties and interest, if any, levied by the State Government shall be inserted.Rajasthan Act 1 of 2002, Section 2 (w.e.f. 4-3-2002).",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 39
        },
        {
            "number": "42",
            "title": "42. Special provision for registration of motor vehicles of diplomatic officers, etc.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[43. Temporary registration.\n[44. Production of vehicle at the time of registration.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 40
        },
        {
            "number": "45",
            "title": "45. Refusal of registration or renewal of the certificate of registration.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 41
        },
        {
            "number": "46",
            "title": "46. Effectiveness in India of registration.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 42
        },
        {
            "number": "47",
            "title": "47. Assignment of new registration mark on removal to another State.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) by the no objection certificate obtained under section 48, or\n(ii) in a case where no such certificate has been obtained, by\n(a) the receipt obtained under sub-section (2) of section 48; or\n(b) the postal acknowledgement received by the owner of the vehicle if he has sent an application in this behalf by registered post acknowledgement due to the registering authority referred to in section 48,",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 43
        },
        {
            "number": "48",
            "title": "48. No objection certificate.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 44
        },
        {
            "number": "49",
            "title": "49. Change of residence or place of business.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 45
        },
        {
            "number": "50",
            "title": "50. Transfer of ownership.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the transferor shall,\n(i) in the case of a vehicle registered within the same State, within fourteen days of the transfer, report the fact of transfer, in such form with such documents and in such manner, as may be prescribed by the Central Government to the registering authority within whose jurisdiction the transfer is to be effected and shall simultaneously send a copy of the said report to the transferee; and\n(ii) in the case of a vehicle registered outside the State, within forty-five days of the transfer, forward to the registering authority referred to in sub-clause (i)\n(A) the no objection certificate obtained under section 48; or\n(B) in a case where no such certificate has been obtained,\n(i) the receipt obtained under sub-section (2) of section 48; or\n(iI) the postal acknowledgement received by the transferor if he has sent an application in this behalf by registered post acknowledgement due to the registering authority referred to in section 48,\n(b) the transferee shall, within thirty days of the transfer, report the transfer to the registering authority within whose jurisdiction he has the residence or place of business where the vehicle is normally kept, as the case may be, and shall forward the certificate of registration to that registering authority together with the prescribed fee and a copy of the report received by him from the transferor in order that particulars of the transfer of ownership may be entered in the certificate of registration.\n(a) the person in whose name a motor vehicle stands registered dies, or\n(b) a motor vehicle has been purchased or acquired at a public auction conducted by, or on behalf of, Government,",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 46
        },
        {
            "number": "51",
            "title": "51. Special provisions regarding motor vehicle subject to hire-purchase agreement, etc.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) in a case where the financier has refused to issue the certificate applied for, after giving the applicant an opportunity of being heard, either\n(i) renew or refuse to renew the permit, or\n(ii) issue or refuse to issue the duplicate certificate of registration, or\n(iii) assign or refuse to assign a new registration mark;\n(b) in any other case,\n(i) renew the permit, or\n(ii) issue duplicate certificate of registration, or\n(iii) assign a new registration mark.\n(a) hire-purchase, lease or hypothecation agreement of a motor vehicle, or\n(b) the cancellation under sub-section (3) of an entry, or\n(c) recording transfer of ownership of motor vehicle, or\n(d) any alteration in a motor vehicle, or\n(e) suspension or cancellation of registration of a motor vehicle, or\n(f) change of address,\nOLD LAW  ▼\n[52. Alteration in motor vehicle.\nOLD LAW  ▼",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 47
        },
        {
            "number": "53",
            "title": "53. Suspension of registration.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) is in such a condition that its use in a public place would constitute a danger to the public, or that it fails to comply with the requirements of this Act or of the rules made thereunder, or\n(b) has been, or is being, used for hire or reward without a valid permit for being used as such,\n(i) in any case falling under clause (a), until the defects are rectified to its satisfaction; and\n(ii) in any case falling under clause (b), for a period not exceeding four months.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 48
        },
        {
            "number": "53",
            "title": "54. Cancellation of registration suspended under section 53.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 49
        },
        {
            "number": "55",
            "title": "55. Cancellation of registration.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 50
        },
        {
            "number": "56",
            "title": "56. Certificate of fitness of transport vehicles.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) such prescribed authority holds such technical qualification as may be prescribed by the Central Government and where the prescribed authority does not hold the technical qualification, such cancellation is made on the basis of the report of an officer having such qualification; and\n(b) the reasons recorded in writing cancelling a certificate of fitness are confirmed by an authorised testing station chosen by the owner of the vehicle whose certificate of fitness is sought to be cancelled:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 51
        },
        {
            "number": "57",
            "title": "57. Appeals.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "OLD LAW  ▼",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 52
        },
        {
            "number": "58",
            "title": "58. Special provisions in regard to transport vehicles.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the unladen weight of the vehicle;\n(b) the number, nature and size of the tyres attached to each wheel;\n(c) the gross vehicle weight of the vehicle and the registered axle weights pertaining to the several axles thereof; and\n(d) if the vehicle is used or adapted to be used for the carriage of passengers solely or in addition to goods, the number of passengers for whom accommodation is provided,\nOLD LAW  ▼",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 53
        },
        {
            "number": "59",
            "title": "59. Power to fix the age limit of motor vehicle.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 54
        },
        {
            "number": "60",
            "title": "60. Registration of vehicles belonging to the Central Government.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 55
        },
        {
            "number": "61",
            "title": "61. Application of Chapter to trailers.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 56
        },
        {
            "number": "62",
            "title": "62. Information regarding stolen and recovered motor vehicles to be furnished by the police to the State Transport Authority.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[62A. Prohibition of registration and issuance of certificate of fitness to oversized vehicles.\n[62B. National Register of Motor Vehicles.\n[63. Maintenance of State Registers of Motor Vehicles.\n(a) registration numbers;\n(b) years of manufacture;\n(c) classes and types;\n(d) names and addresses of registered owners; and\n(e) such other particulars as may be prescribed by the Central Government.]",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 57
        },
        {
            "number": "64",
            "title": "64. Power of the Central Government to make rules.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the period within which and the form in which an application shall be made and the documents, particulars and information it shall accompany under sub-section (1) of section 41;\n(b) the form in which the certificate of registration shall be made and the particulars and information it shall contain and the manner in which it shall be issued under sub-section (3) of section 41;\n(c) the form and manner in which the particulars of the certificate of registration shall be entered in the records of the registering authority under sub-section (5) of section 41;\n(d) the manner in which and the form in which the registration mark, the letters and figures and other particulars referred to in sub-section (6) of section 41 shall be displayed and shown;\n[(da) providing for the period of validity of a certificate of registration under sub-section (7) of section 41;]\n(e) the period within which and the form in which the application shall be made and the particulars and information it shall contain under sub-section (8) of section 41;\n[(ea) the period of renewal of certificate of registration of different types of motor vehicles under sub-section (10) of section 41;]\n(f) the form in which the application referred to in sub-section (14) of section 41 shall be made, the particulars and information it shall contain and the fee to be charged;\n[(fa) the issue of temporary certificate of registration and temporary registration mark under section 43;\n(fb) the terms and conditions under which a motor vehicle sold by an authorised dealer shall not require production before a registering authority under sub-section (1) of section 44;]\n(g) the form in which and the period within which the application referred to in sub-section (1) of section 47 shall be made and the particulars it shall contain;\n(h) the form in which and the manner in which the application for No Objection Certificate shall be made under sub-section (1) of section 48 and the form of receipt to be issued under sub-section (2) of section 48;\n(i) the matters that are to be complied with by an applicant before no objection certificate may be issued under section 48;\n(j) the form in which the intimation of change of address shall be made under sub-section (1) of section 49 and the documents to be submitted alongwith the application;\n[(ja) the form and manner for the electronic submission of the intimation of change of address, documents to be submitted along with such intimation including proof of authentication under sub-section (1A) of section 49;]\n(k) the form in which and the manner in which the intimation of transfer of ownership shall be made under sub-section (1) of section 50 or under sub-section (2) of section 50 and the document to be submitted alongwith the application;\n(l) the form in which the application under sub-section (2) or sub-section (3) of section 51 shall be made;\n[(la) specifications, conditions for approval, retrofitment and other related matters for the alteration of motor vehicles under sub-section (1) of section 52;\n(lb) the conditions for the alteration of any motor vehicle into an adapted vehicle under sub-section (2) of section 52;]\n(m) the form in which the certificate of fitness shall be issued under sub-section (1) of section 56 and the particulars and information it shall contain;\n(n) the period for which the certificate of fitness granted or renewed under section 56 shall be effective;\n[(na) the distinguishing mark to be carried on the body of transport vehicles under sub-section (6) of section 56;\n(nb) the conditions under which the application of section 56 may be extended to non-transport vehicles under sub-section (7) of section 56;\n(nc) the recycling of motor vehicles and parts thereof which have exceeded their life under sub-section (4) of section 59;]\n(o) the fees to be charged for the issue or renewal or alteration of certificates of registration, for making an entry regarding transfer of ownership on a certificate of registration, for making or cancelling an endorsement in respect of agreement of hire-purchase or lease or hypothecation on a certificate of registration, for certificates of fitness for registration marks, and for the examination or inspection of motor vehicles, and the refund of such fees;\n[(oa) all or any of the matters under sub-section (1) of section 62B;\n(ob) all or any of the matters under sub-section (1) and sub-section (2) of section 63;]\n(p) any other matter which is to be, or may be, prescribed by the Central Government.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 58
        },
        {
            "number": "65",
            "title": "65. Power of the State Government to make rules.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the conduct and hearing of appeals that may be preferred under this Chapter (the fees to be paid in respect of such appeals and the refund of such fees);\n(b) the appointment, functions and jurisdiction of registering and other prescribed authorities;\n(c) the exemption of road-rollers, graders and other vehicles designed and used solely for the construction, repair and cleaning of roads from all or any of the provisions of this Chapter and the rules made thereunder and the conditions governing such exemption;\n(d) the issue or renewal of certificates of registration and fitness and duplicates of such certificates to replace the certificates lost, destroyed or mutilated;\n(e) the production of certificates of registration before the registering authority for the revision of entries therein of particulars relating to the gross vehicle weight;\n(f) the temporary registration of motor vehicles, and the issue of temporary certificate of registration and marks [under the proviso to section 43] ;\n(g) the manner in which the particulars referred to in sub-section (2) of section 58 and other prescribed particulars shall be exhibited;\n(h) the exemption of prescribed persons or prescribed classes of persons from payment of all or any portion of the fees payable under this Chapter;\n(i) the forms, other than those prescribed by the Central Government, to be used for the purpose of this Chapter;\n(j) the communication between registering authorities of particulars of certificates of registration and by owners of vehicles registered outside the State of particulars of such vehicles and of their registration;\n(k) the amount or amounts under sub-section (13) of section 41 or sub-section (7) of section 47 or sub-section (4) of section 49 or sub-section (5) of section 50;\n(l) the extension of the validity of certificates of fitness pending consideration of applications for their renewal;\n(m) the exemption from the provisions of this Chapter, and the conditions and fees for exemption, of motor vehicles in the possession of dealers;\n(n) the form in which and the period within which the return under section 62 shall be sent;\n[***]\n(p) any other matter which is to be or may be prescribed.\nSTATE AMENDMENTS  ▼\n[Haryana].\n\"(h) the exemption of prescribed persons or prescribed classes of persons from payment of all or any portion of the fee payable under this Chapter retrospectively or prospectively;\". (Haryana Act No. 39 of 2019, dated 3.12.2019).\n[Chapter V ]\nControl of Transport Vehicles",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 59
        },
        {
            "number": "66",
            "title": "66. Necessity for permits.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) to any transport vehicle owned by the Central Government or a State Government and used for Government purposes unconnected with any commercial enterprise;\n(b) to any transport vehicle owned by a local authority or by a person acting under contract with a local authority and used solely for road cleansing, road watering or conservancy purposes;\n(c) to any transport vehicle used solely for police, fire brigade or ambulance purposes;\n(d) to any transport vehicle used solely for the conveyance of corpses and the mourners accompanying the corpses;\n(e) to any transport vehicle used for towing a disabled vehicle or for removing goods from a disabled vehicle to a place of safety;\n(f) to any transport vehicle used for any other public purpose as may be prescribed by the State Government in this behalf;\n(g) to any transport vehicle used by a person who manufactures or deals in motor vehicles or builds bodies for attachment to chassis, solely for such purposes and in accordance with such conditions as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify in this behalf;\n[* * *]\nOLD LAW  ▼\n(i) to any goods vehicle, the gross vehicle weight of which does not exceed 3,000 kilograms;\n(j) subject to such conditions as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify, to any transport vehicle purchased in one State and proceeding to a place, situated in that State or in any other State, without carrying any passenger or goods;\n(k) to any transport vehicle which has been temporarily registered under section 43 while proceeding empty to any place for the purpose of registration of the vehicle;\n[* * *]\nOLD LAW  ▼\n(m) to any transport vehicle which, owing to flood, earthquake or any other natural calamity, obstruction on road, or unforeseen circumstances, is required to be diverted through any other route, whether within or outside the State, with a view to enabling it to reach its destination;\n(n) to any transport vehicle used for such purposes as the Central or State Government may, by order, specify;\n(o) to any transport vehicle which is subject to a hire-purchase, lease or hypothecation agreement and which owing to the default of the owner has been taken possession of by or on behalf of, the person with whom the owner has entered into such agreement, to enable such motor vehicle to reach its destination; or\n(p) to any transport vehicle while proceeding empty to any place for purpose of repair.\n[(q) to any transport vehicle having been issued a licence under a scheme, under sub-section (3) of section 67 or sub-section (1) of section 88A, or plying under such orders as may be issued by the Central Government or by the State Government.]\n[66A. National Transportation Policy.\n(i) establish a planning framework for passengers and goods transportation within which transport bodies are to operate;\n(ii) establish a medium and long term planning framework for all forms of road transport, identify areas for the development of transport improvement infrastructure across India in consultation with the authorities and agencies related to ports, railways and aviation as well as with local and State level planning, land holding and regulatory authorities for the delivery of an integrated multimodal transport system;\n(iii) establish the framework of grant of permits and schemes;\n(iv) establish strategic policy for transport by road and its role as a link to other means of transport;\n(v) identify strategic policies and specify priorities for the transport system that address current and future challenges;\n(vi) provide medium to long term strategic directions, priorities and actions;\n(vii) promote competition, innovation, increase in capacity, seamless mobility and greater efficiency in transport of goods or livestock or passengers, and economical use of resources;\n(viii) safeguard the interest of the public and promote equity, while seeking to enhance private participation and public-private partnership in the transport sector;\n(ix) demonstrate an integrated approach to transport and land use planning;\n(x) identify the challenges that the National Transportation Policy seeks to address; and\n(xi) address any other matter deemed relevant by the Central Government.]\n[66B. No bar against permit holders to apply and hold licences under schemes.\n(a) be disqualified from applying for a licence under the scheme made under sub-section (3) of section 67 or sub-section (1) of section 88A by reason of holding such permit; and\n(b) be required to get such permit cancelled on being issued a licence under any scheme made under this Act.]",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 60
        },
        {
            "number": "67",
            "title": "67. Power to State Government to control road transport.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the advantages offered to the public, trade and industry by the development of motor transport;\n(b) the desirability of co-ordinating road and rail transport;\n(c) the desirability of preventing the deterioration of the road system, and\n(d) promoting effective competition among the transport service providers,\nOLD LAW  ▼\n(a) last mile connectivity;\n(b) rural transport;\n(c) reducing traffic congestion;\n(d) improving urban transport;\n(e) safety of road users;\n(f) better utilisation of transportation assets;\n(g) the enhancement of economic vitality of the area, through competitiveness, productivity and efficiency;\n(h) the increase in the accessibility and mobility of people;\n(i) the protection and enhancement of the environment;\n(j) the promotion of energy conservation;\n(k) improvement of the quality of life;\n(l) enhance integration and connectivity of the transportation system, across and between modes of transport; and\n(m) such other matters as the Central Government may deem fit.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 61
        },
        {
            "number": "68",
            "title": "68. Transport Authorities.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) where it considers necessary or expedient so to do, constitute the State Transport Authority or a Regional Transport Authority for any region so as to consist of only one member who shall be an official with judicial experience or experience as an appellate or a revisional authority or as an adjudicating authority competent to pass any order or take any decision under any law;\n(ii) by rules made in this behalf, provide for the transaction of business of such authority in the absence of the Chairman or any other member and specify the circumstances under which, and the manner in which, such business could be so transacted:\n(a) to co-ordinate and regulate the activities and policies of the Regional Transport Authorities, if any, of the State;\n(b) to perform the duties of a Regional Transport Authority where there is no such Authority and, if it thinks fit or if so required by a Regional Transport Authority, to perform those duties in respect of any route common to two or more regions;\n(c) to settle all disputes and decide all matters on which differences of opinion arise between Regional Transport Authorities;\n(ca) Government to formulate routes for plying stage carriages; and]\n(d) to discharge such other functions as may be prescribed.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 62
        },
        {
            "number": "69",
            "title": "69. General provision as to applications for permits.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 63
        },
        {
            "number": "70",
            "title": "70. Application for stage carriage permit.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the route or routes or the area or areas to which the application relates;\n(b) the type and seating capacity of each such vehicle;\n(c) the minimum and maximum number of daily trips proposed to be provided and the time-table of the normal trips.\n(d) the number of vehicles intended to be kept in reserve to maintain the service and to provide for special occasions;\n(e) the arrangements intended to be made for the housing, maintenance and repair of the vehicles, for the comfort and convenience of passengers and for the storage and safe custody of luggage;\n(f) such other matters as may be prescribed.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 64
        },
        {
            "number": "71",
            "title": "71. Procedure of Regional Transport Authority in considering application for stage carriage permit.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "OLD LAW  ▼\n(b) Where the number of stage carriages are fixed under clause (a), the Government of the State shall reserve in the State certain percentage of stage carriage permits for the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes in the same ratio as in the case of appointments made by direct recruitment to public services in the State.\n(c) Where the number of stage carriages are fixed under clause (a), the Regional Transport Authority shall reserve such number of permits for the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes as may be fixed by the State Government under sub-clause (b).\n(d) After reserving such number of permits as is referred to in clause (c), the Regional Transport Authority shall in considering an application have regard to the following matters, namely:\n(i) financial stability of the applicant;\n(ii) satisfactory performance as a stage carriage operator including payment of tax if the applicant is or has been an operator of stage carriage service; and\n(iii) such other matters as may be prescribed by the State Government:\n(i) State transport undertakings;\n(ii) co-operative societies registered or deemed to have been registered under any enactment for the time being in force; [*]\n(iii) ex-servicemen; [or]\n[(iv) any other class or category of persons, as the State Government may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, consider necessary] .\nOLD LAW  ▼\nOLD LAW  ▼\nSTATE AMENDMENTS  ▼\n(i) for the words five and ten, the words ten and fifty shall, respectively, be substituted;\n(ii) for the words any company, the words any co-operative society or to any company shall be substituted.Kerala Amendment Act 12 of 1993, Section 2 (w.r.e.f. 26-2-1993).",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 65
        },
        {
            "number": "72",
            "title": "72. Grant of stage carriage permit.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) that the vehicles shall be used only in a specified area, or on a specified route or routes;\n(ii) that the operation of the stage carriage shall be commenced with effect from a specified date;\n(iii) the minimum and maximum number of daily trips to be provided in relation to any route or area generally or on specified days and occasions;\n(iv) that copies of the time-table of the stage carriage approved by the Regional Transport Authority shall be exhibited on the vehicles and at specified stands and halts on the route or within the area;\n(v) that the stage carriage shall be operated within such margins of deviation from the approved time-table as the Regional Transport Authority may from time to time specify;\n(vi) that within municipal limits and such other areas and places as may be prescribed, passengers or goods shall not be taken up or set down except at specified points;\n(vii) the maximum number of passengers and the maximum weight of luggage that may be carried on the stage carriage, either generally or on specified occasions or at specified times and seasons;\n(viii) the weight and nature of passengers luggage that shall be carried free of charge, the total weight of luggage that may be carried in relation to each passenger, and the arrangements that shall be made for the carriage of luggage without causing inconvenience to passengers;\n(ix) the rate of charge that may be levied for passengers luggage in excess of the free allowance;\n(x) that vehicles of a specified type fitted with body conforming to approved specifications shall be used:\n(xi) that specified standards of comfort and cleanliness shall be maintained in the vehicles;\n(xii) the conditions subject to which goods may be carried in the stage carriage in addition to or to the exclusion of passengers;\n(xiii) that fares shall be charged in accordance with the approved fare table;\n(xiv) that a copy of, or extract from, the fare table approved by the Regional Transport Authority and particulars of any special fares or rates of fares so approved for particular occasions shall be exhibited on the stage carriage and at specified stands and halts;\n(xv) that tickets bearing specified particulars shall be issued to passengers and shall show the fares actually charged and that records of tickets issued shall be kept in a specified manner;\n(xvi) that mails shall be carried on the vehicle subject to such conditions (including conditions as to the time in which mails are to be carried and the charges which may be levied) as may be specified;\n(xvii) the vehicles to be kept as reserve by the holder of the permit to maintain the operation and to provide for special occasions;\n(xviii) the conditions subject to which the vehicle may be used as a contract carriage;\n(xix) that specified arrangements shall be made for the housing, maintenance and repair of vehicle;\n(xx) that any specified bus station or shelter maintained by Government or a local authority shall be used and that any specified rent or fee shall be paid for such use;\n(xxi) that the conditions of the permit shall not be departed from, save with the approval of the Regional Transport Authority;\n(xxii) that the Regional Transport Authority may, after giving notice of not less than one month,\n(a) vary the conditions of the permit;\n(b) attach to the permit further conditions:\n(xxiii) that the holder of a permit shall furnish to the Regional Transport Authority such periodical returns, statistics and other information as the State Government may from time to time prescribe;\n(xxiv) any other conditions which may be prescribed.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 66
        },
        {
            "number": "73",
            "title": "73. Application for contract carriage permit.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the type and seating capacity of the vehicle;\n(b) the area for which the permit is required;\n(c) any other particulars which may be prescribed.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 67
        },
        {
            "number": "74",
            "title": "74. Grant of contract carriage permit.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) that the vehicles shall be used only in a specified area or on a specified route or routes;\n(ii) that except in accordance with specified conditions, no contract of hiring, other than an extension or modification of a subsisting contract, may be entered into outside the specified area;\n(iii) the maximum number of passengers and the maximum weight of luggage that may be carried on the vehicle, either generally or on specified occasions or at specified times and seasons;\n(iv) the conditions subject to which goods may be carried in any contract carriage in addition to, or to the exclusion of, passengers;\n(v) that, in the case of motorcabs, specified fares or rates of fares shall be charged and a copy of the fare table shall be exhibited on the vehicle;\n(vi) that, in the case of vehicles other than motorcabs, specified rates of hiring not exceeding specified maximum shall be charged;\n(vii) that, in the case of motorcabs, a specified weight of passengers luggage shall be carried free of charge, and that the charge, if any, for any luggage in excess thereof shall be at a specified rate;\n(viii) that, in the case of motorcabs, a taximeter shall be fitted and maintained in proper working order, if prescribed;\n(ix) that the Regional Transport Authority may, after giving notice of not less than one month,\n(a) vary the conditions of the permit;\n(b) attach to the permit further conditions;\n(x) that the conditions of permit shall not be departed from save with the approval of the Regional Transport Authority;\n(xi) that specified standards of comfort and cleanliness shall be maintained in the vehicles;\n(xii) that, except in the circumstances of exceptional nature, the plying of the vehicle or carrying of the passengers shall not be refused;\n(xiii) any other conditions which may be prescribed.\n(b) Where the number of contract carriages are fixed under clause (a), the Regional Transport Authority shall, in considering an application for the grant of permit in respect of any such contract carriage, have regard to the following matters, namely:\n(i) financial stability of the applicant;\n(ii) satisfactory performance as a contract carriage operator including payment of tax if the applicant is or has been an operator of contract carriages; and\n(iii) such other matters as may be prescribed by the State Government:\n(i) the India Tourism Development Corporation;\n(ii) State Tourism Development Corporations;\n(iii) State Tourism Departments;\n(iv) State transport undertakings;\n(v) co-operative societies registered or deemed to have been registered under any enactment for the time being in force;\n(vi) ex-servicemen.\n[(vii) self-help groups.]",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 68
        },
        {
            "number": "75",
            "title": "75. Scheme for renting of motorcabs.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) licensing of operators under the scheme including grant, renewal and revocation of such licences;\n(b) form of application and form of licences and the particulars to be contained therein;\n(c) fee to be paid with the application for such licences;\n(d) the authorities to which the application shall be made;\n(e) condition subject to which such licences may be granted, renewed or revoked;\n(f) appeals against orders of refusal to grant or renew such licences and appeals against orders revoking such licences;\n(g) conditions subject to which motorcabs may be rented;\n(h) maintenance of records and inspection of such records;\n(i) such other matters as may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 69
        },
        {
            "number": "76",
            "title": "76. Application for private service vehicle permit.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) type and seating capacity of the vehicle;\n(b) the area or the route or routes to which the application relates;\n(c) the manner in which it is claimed that the purpose of carrying persons otherwise than for hire or reward or in connection with the trade or business carried on by the applicant will be served by the vehicle; and\n(d) any other particulars which may be prescribed.\n(i) that the vehicle be used only in a specified area or on a specified route or routes;\n(ii) the maximum number of persons and the maximum weight of luggage that may be carried;\n(iii) that the Regional Transport Authority may, after giving notice of not less than one month\n(a) vary the conditions of the permit;\n(b) attach to the permit further conditions;\n(iv) that the conditions of permit shall not be departed from, save with the approval of the Regional Transport Authority;\n(v) that specified standards of comforts and cleanliness shall be maintained in the vehicle;\n(vi) that the holder of the permit shall furnish to the Regional Transport Authority such periodical returns, statistics and other information as the State Government may, from time to time, specify; and\n(vii) such other conditions as may be prescribed.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 70
        },
        {
            "number": "77",
            "title": "77. Application for goods carriage permit.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the area or the route or routes to which the application relates;\n(b) the type and capacity of the vehicle;\n(c) the nature of the goods it is proposed to carry;\n(d) the arrangements intended to be made for the housing, maintenance and repair of the vehicle and for the storage and safe custody of the goods;\n(e) such particulars as the Regional Transport Authority may require with respect to any business as a carrier of goods for hire or reward carried on by the applicant at any time before the making of the application, and of the rates charged by the applicant;\n(f) particulars of any agreement, or arrangement, affecting in any material respect the provision within the region of the Regional Transport Authority of facilities for the transport of goods for hire or reward, entered into by the applicant with any other person by whom such facilities are provided, whether within or without the region;\n(g) any other particulars which may be prescribed.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 71
        },
        {
            "number": "78",
            "title": "78. Consideration of application for goods carriage permit.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the nature of the goods to be carried with special reference to their dangerous or hazardous nature to human life;\n(b) the nature of the chemicals or explosives to be carried with special reference to the safety to human life.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 72
        },
        {
            "number": "79",
            "title": "79. Grant of goods carriage permit.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) that the vehicle shall be used only in a specified area, or on a specified route or routes;\n(ii) that the gross vehicle weight of any vehicle used shall not exceed a specified maximum;\n(iii) that goods of a specified nature shall not be carried;\n(iv) that goods shall be carried at specified rates;\n(v) that specified arrangement shall be made for the housing, maintenance and repair of the vehicle and the storage and safe custody of the goods carried;\n(vi) that the holder of the permit shall furnish to the Regional Transport Authority such periodical returns, statistics and other information as the State Government may, from time to time, prescribe;\n(vii) that the Regional Transport Authority may, after giving notice of not less than one month,\n(a) vary the conditions of the permit;\n(b) attach to the permit further conditions;\n(viii) that the conditions of the permit shall not be departed from, save with the approval of the Regional Transport Authority;\n(ix) any other conditions which may be prescribed.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 73
        },
        {
            "number": "80",
            "title": "80. Procedure in applying for and granting permits.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) in the case of variation, the termini shall not be altered and the distance covered by the variation shall not exceed twenty-four kilometres;\n(ii) in the case of extension, the distance covered by extension shall not exceed twenty-four kilometres from the termini,",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 74
        },
        {
            "number": "81",
            "title": "81. Duration and renewal of permits.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the financial condition of the applicant as evidenced by insolvency, or decrees for payment of debts remaining unsatisfied for a period of thirty days, prior to the date of consideration of the application;\n(b) the applicant had been punished twice or more for any of the following offences within twelve months reckoned from fifteen days prior to the date of consideration of the application committed as a result of the operation of a stage carriage service by the applicant, namely:\n(i) plying any vehicle\n(ii) making unauthorised trips:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 75
        },
        {
            "number": "82",
            "title": "82. Transfer of permit.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 76
        },
        {
            "number": "83",
            "title": "83. Replacement of vehicles.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 77
        },
        {
            "number": "84",
            "title": "84. General conditions attaching to all permits.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) that the vehicle to which the permit relates carries valid certificate of fitness issued under section 56 and is at all times so maintained as to comply with the requirements of this Act and the rules made thereunder;\n(b) that the vehicle to which the permit relates is not driven at a speed exceeding the speed permitted under this Act;\n(c) that any prohibition or restriction imposed any fares or freight fixed by notification made under section 67 are observed in connection with the vehicle to which the permit relates;\n(d) that the vehicle to which the permit relates is not driven in contravention of the provisions of section 5 or section 113;\n(e) that the provisions of this Act limiting the hours of work of drivers are observed in connection with any vehicle or vehicles to which the permit relates;\n(f) that the provisions of Chapters X, XI and XII so far as they apply to the holder of the permit are observed; and\n(g) that the name and address of the operator shall be painted or otherwise firmly affixed to every vehicle to which the permit relates on the exterior of the body of that vehicle on both sides thereof in a colour or colours vividly contrasting to the colour of the vehicle centered as high as practicable below the window line in bold letters.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 78
        },
        {
            "number": "85",
            "title": "85. General form of permits.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 79
        },
        {
            "number": "86",
            "title": "86. Cancellation and suspension of permits.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) on the breach of any condition specified in section 84 or of any condition contained in the permit, or\n(b) if the holder of the permit uses or causes or allows a vehicle to be used in any manner not authorised by the permit, or\n(c) if the holder of the permit ceases to own the vehicle covered by the permit, or\n(d) if the holder of the permit has obtained the permit by fraud or misrepresentation, or\n(e) if the holder of the goods carriage permit, fails without reasonable cause, to use the vehicle for the purposes for which the permit was granted, or\n(f) if the holder of the permit acquires the citizenship of any foreign country:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 80
        },
        {
            "number": "87",
            "title": "87. Temporary permits.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) for the conveyance of passengers on special occasions such as to and from fairs and religious gatherings, or\n(b) for the purposes of a seasonal business, or\n(c) to meet a particular temporary need, or\n(d) pending decision on an application for the renewal of a permit,\n(i) no permit could be issued under section 72 or section 74 or section 76 or section 79 in respect of that route or area by reason of an order of a Court or other competent authority restraining the issue of the same, for a period not exceeding the period for which the issue of the permit has been so restrained; or\n(ii) as a result of the suspension by a Court or other competent authority of the permit of any vehicle in respect of that route or area, there is no transport vehicle of the same class with a valid permit in respect of that route or area, or there is no adequate number of such vehicles in respect of that route or area, for a period not exceeding the period of such suspension:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 81
        },
        {
            "number": "88",
            "title": "88. Validation of permits for use outside region in which granted.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) where a motor vehicle covered by a permit granted in one State is to be used for the purposes of defence in any other State, such vehicle shall display a certificate, in such form, and issued by such Authority, as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify, to the effect that the vehicle shall be used for the period specified therein exclusively for the purposes of defence; and\n(b) any such permit shall be valid in that other State notwithstanding that such permit has not been countersigned by the State Transport Authority or the Regional Transport Authority of that other State.\nOLD LAW  ▼\n(i) every motor vehicle in respect of which such permit is granted shall conform to such description, requirement regarding the seating capacity, standards of comforts, amenities and other matters, as the Central Government may specify in this behalf;\n(ii) every such motor vehicle shall be driven by a person having such qualifications and satisfying such conditions as may be specified by the Central Government; and\n(iii) such other conditions as may be prescribed by the Central Government.\nOLD LAW  ▼\n(b) In particular, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing power, such rules may provide for all or any of the following matters, namely:\n(i) the authorisation fee payable for the issue of a permit referred to in sub-sections (9) and (12);\n(ii) the fixation of the laden weight of the motor vehicle;\n(iii) the distinguishing particulars or marks to be carried or exhibited in or on the motor vehicle;\n(iv) the colour or colours in which the motor vehicle is to be painted;\n(v) such other matters as the appropriate authority shall consider in granting a national permit.\n(a) appropriate authority, in relation to a national permit, means the authority which is authorised under this Act to grant a goods carriage permit;\n(b) authorisation fee means the annual fee, not exceeding one thousand rupees, which may be charged by the appropriate authority of a State to enable a motor vehicle, covered by the permit referred to in sub-sections (9) and (12) to be used in other States subject to the payment of taxes or fees, if any, levied by the States concerned;\n(c) national permit means a permit granted by the appropriate authority to goods carriages to operate throughout the territory of India or in such contiguous States not being less than four in number, including the State in which the permit is issued as may be specified in such permit in accordance with the choice indicated in the application.\n[88A. Power of Central Government to make schemes for national, multimodal and inter-State transport of passengers and goods.\n(a) last mile connectivity;\n(b) rural transport;\n(c) improving the movement of freight, and logistics;\n(d) better utilisation of transportation assets;\n(e) the enhancement to the economic vitality of the area, especially by enabling competitiveness, productivity and efficiency;\n(f) the increase in the accessibility and mobility of people;\n(g) the protection and enhancement of the environment;\n(h) the promotion of energy conservation;\n(i) improvement of the quality of life;\n(j) enhancement of the integration and connectivity of the transportation system, across and between modes of transport; and\n(k) such other matters as the Central Government may deem fit:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 82
        },
        {
            "number": "89",
            "title": "89. Appeals.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) aggrieved by the refusal of the State or a Regional Transport Authority to grant a permit, or by any condition attached to a permit granted to him, or\n(b) aggrieved by the revocation or suspension of the permit or by any variation of the conditions thereof, or\n(c) aggrieved by the refusal to transfer the permit under section 82, or\n(d) aggrieved by the refusal of the State or a Regional Transport Authority to countersign a permit, or by any condition attached to such countersignature, or\n(e) aggrieved by the refusal of renewal of a permit, or\n(f) aggrieved by the refusal to grant permission under section 83, or\n(g) aggrieved by any other order which may be prescribed, may, within the prescribed time and in the prescribed manner, appeal to the State Transport Appellate Tribunal constituted under sub-section (2), who shall, after giving such person and the original authority an opportunity of being heard, give a decision thereon which shall be final.\nOLD LAW  ▼",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 83
        },
        {
            "number": "90",
            "title": "90. Revision.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 84
        },
        {
            "number": "91",
            "title": "91. Restriction of hours of work of drivers.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "OLD LAW  ▼",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 85
        },
        {
            "number": "92",
            "title": "92. Voidance of contracts restrictive of liability.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "93. [Agent or canvasser or aggregator to obtain licence] .\n(i) as an agent or a canvasser, in the sale of tickets for travel by public service vehicles or in otherwise soliciting customers for such vehicles, or\n(ii) as an agent in the business of collecting, forwarding or distributing goods carried by goods carriages,\n[(iii) as an aggregator,]\n(a) the period for which a licence may be granted or renewed;\n(b) the fee payable for the issue or renewal of the licence;\n(c) the deposit of security\n(i) of a sum not exceeding rupees fifty thousand in the case of an agent in the business of collecting, forwarding or distributing goods carried by goods carriages;\n(ii) of a sum not exceeding rupees five thousand in the case of any other agent or canvasser,\n(d) the provision by the agent of insurance of goods in transit;\n(e) the authority by which and the circumstances under which the licence may be suspended or revoked;\n(f) such other conditions as may be prescribed by the State Government.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 86
        },
        {
            "number": "94",
            "title": "94. Bar on jurisdiction of Civil Courts.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 87
        },
        {
            "number": "95",
            "title": "95. Power of State Government to make rules as to stage carriages and contract carriages.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) authorise the removal from such vehicle of any person contravening the rules by the driver or conductor of the vehicle, or, on the request of the driver or conductor, or any passenger, by any police officer;\n(b) require a passenger who is reasonably suspected by the driver or conductor of contravening the rules to give his name and address to a police officer or to the driver or conductor on demand;\n(c) require a passenger to declare, if so demanded by the driver or conductor, the journey he intends to take or has taken in the vehicle and to pay the fare for the whole of such journey and to accept any ticket issued therefor;\n(d) require, on demand being made for the purpose by the driver or conductor or other person authorised by the owners of the vehicle, production during the journey and surrender at the end of the journey by the holder thereof of any ticket issued to him;\n(e) require a passenger, if so requested by the driver or conductor, to leave the vehicle on the completion of the journey the fare for which he has paid;\n(f) require the surrender by the holder thereof on the expiry of the period for which it is issued of a ticket issued to him;\n(g) require a passenger to abstain from doing anything which is likely to obstruct or interfere with the working of the vehicle or to cause damage to any part of the vehicle or its equipment or to cause injury or discomfort to any other passenger;\n(h) require a passenger not to smoke in any vehicle on which a notice prohibiting smoking is exhibited;\n(i) require the maintenance of complaint books in stage carriages and prescribe the conditions under which passengers can record any complaints in the same.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 88
        },
        {
            "number": "96",
            "title": "96. Power of State Government to make rules for the purposes of this Chapter.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) the period of appointment and the terms of appointment of and the conduct of business by Regional and State Transport Authorities and the reports to be furnished by them;\n(ii) the conduct of business by any such authority in the absence of any member (including the Chairman) thereof and the nature of business which, the circumstances under which and the manner in which, business could be so conducted;\n(iii) the conduct and hearing of appeals that may be preferred under this Chapter, the fees to be paid in respect of such appeals and the refund of such fees;\n(iv) the forms to be used for the purposes of this Chapter, including the forms of permits;\n(v) the issue of copies of permits in place of permits lost, destroyed or mutilated;\n(vi) the documents, plates and marks to be carried by transport vehicles, the manner in which they are to be carried and the languages in which any such documents are to be expressed;\n(vii) the fees to be paid in respect of applications for permits, duplicate permits and plates;\n(viii) the exemption of prescribed persons or prescribed classes of persons from payment of all or any or any portion of the fees payable under this Chapter;\n(ix) the custody, production and cancellation on revocation or expiration of permits, and the return of permits which have been cancelled;\n(x) the conditions subject to which, and the extent to which, a permit granted in another State shall be valid in the State without countersignature;\n(xi) the conditions subject to which, and the extent to which, a permit granted in one region shall be valid in another region within the State without countersignature.\n(xii) the conditions to be attached to permits for the purpose of giving effect to any agreement such as is referred to in clause (iii) of sub-section (1) of section 67;\n(xiii) the authorities to whom, the time within which and the manner in which appeals may be made;\n(xiv) the construction and fittings of, and the equipment to be carried by, stage and contract carriages, whether generally or in specified areas;\n(xv) the determination of the number of passengers a stage or contract carriage is adapted to carry and the number which may be carried;\n(xvi) the conditions subject to which goods may be carried on stage and contract carriages partly or wholly in lieu of passengers;\n(xvii) the safe custody and disposal of property left in a stage or contract carriage;\n(xviii) regulating the painting or marking of transport vehicles and the display of advertising matter thereon, and in particular prohibiting the painting or marking of transport vehicles in such colour or manner as to induce any person to believe that the vehicle is used for the transport of mails;\n(xix) the conveyance in stage or contract carriages of corpses or persons suffering from any infectious or contagious disease or goods likely to cause discomfort or injury to passengers and the inspection and disinfection of such carriages, if used for such purposes;\n(xx) the provision of taxi meters on motorcabs requiring approval or standard types of taxi meters to be used and examining testing and sealing taxi meters;\n(xxi) prohibiting the picking up or setting down of passengers by stage or contract carriages at specified places or in specified areas or at places other than duly notified stands or halting places and requiring the driver of a stage carriage to stop and remain stationary for a reasonable time when so required by a passenger desiring to board or alight from the vehicle at a notified halting place;\n(xxii) the requirements which shall be complied with in the construction or use of any duly notified stand or halting place, including the provision of adequate equipment and facilities for the convenience of all users thereof; the fees, if any, which may be charged for the use of such facilities, the records which shall be maintained at such stands or places, the staff to be employed thereat, and the duties and conduct of such staff, and generally for maintaining such stands and places in a serviceable and clean condition;\n(xxiii) the regulation of motorcab ranks;\n(xxiv) requiring the owners of transport vehicles to notify any change of address or to report the failure of or damage to any vehicle used for the conveyance of passengers for hire or reward;\n(xxv) authorising specified persons to enter at all reasonable times and inspect all premises used by permit holders for the purposes of their business;\n(xxvi) requiring the person in charge of a stage carriage to carry any person tendering the legal or customary fare;\n(xxvii) the conditions under which and the types of containers or vehicles in which animals or birds may be carried and the seasons during which animals or birds may or may not be carried;\n(xxviii) the licensing of and the regulation of the conduct of agents or canvassers who engage in the sale of tickets for travel by public service vehicles or otherwise solicit customers for such vehicles;\n(xxix) the licensing of agents engaged in the business of collecting for forwarding and distributing goods carried by goods carriages;\n(xxx) the inspection of transport vehicles and their contents and of the permits relating to them;\n(xxxi) the carriage of persons other than the driver in goods carriages;\n(xxxii) the records to be maintained and the returns to be furnished by the owners of transport vehicles; and\n[(xxxiia) framing of schemes under sub-section (3) of section 67;\n(xxxiib) the promotion of effective competition, passenger convenience and safety, competitive fares and prevention of overcrowding;]\n(xxiii) any other matter which is to be or may be prescribed.\nChapter VI\nSpecial Provisions Relating To State Transport Undertakings",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 89
        },
        {
            "number": "97",
            "title": "97. Definition.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[98. Chapter to override Chapter V and other laws.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": true,
            "sort_order": 90
        },
        {
            "number": "99",
            "title": "99. Preparation and publication of proposal regarding road transport service of a State transport undertaking.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 91
        },
        {
            "number": "100",
            "title": "100. Objection to the proposal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 92
        },
        {
            "number": "101",
            "title": "101. Operation of additional services by a State transport undertaking in certain circumstances.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 93
        },
        {
            "number": "102",
            "title": "102. Cancellation or modification of scheme.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) the State transport undertaking; and\n(ii) any other person who, in the opinion of the State Government, is likely to be affected by the proposed modification,",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 94
        },
        {
            "number": "103",
            "title": "103. Issue of permits to State transport undertakings.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) refuse to entertain any application for the grant or renewal of any other permit or reject any such application as may be pending;\n(b) cancel any existing permit;\n(c) modify the terms of any existing permit so as to\n(i) render the permit ineffective beyond a specified date;\n(ii) reduce the number of vehicles authorised to be used under the permit;\n(iii) curtail the area or route covered by the permit in so far as such permit relates to the notified area or notified route.\nSTATE AMENDMENTS  ▼\n[Karnataka].\n[Punjab].\n[Uttar Pradesh].\n[Haryana].",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 95
        },
        {
            "number": "104",
            "title": "104. Restriction on grant of permits in respect of a notified area or notified route.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 96
        },
        {
            "number": "105",
            "title": "105. Principles and method of determining compensation and payment thereof.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) for every complete month or part of a month Two hundred\n(b) for part of a month not exceeding fifteen One hundred\n(i) Y means the length or area by which the route or area covered by the permit is curtailed;\n(ii) A means the amount computed in accordance with sub-section (4);\n(iii) R means the total length of the route or the total area covered by the permit.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 97
        },
        {
            "number": "106",
            "title": "106. Disposal of article found in vehicles.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 98
        },
        {
            "number": "107",
            "title": "107. Power of State Government to make rules.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the form in which any proposal regarding a scheme may be published under section 99;\n(b) the manner in which objections may be filed under sub-section (1) of section 100;\n(c) the manner in which objections may be considered and disposed of under sub-section (2) of section 100;\n(d) the form in which any approved scheme may be published under sub-section (3) of section 100;\n(e) the manner in which application under sub-section (1) of section 103 may be made;\n(f) the period within which the owner may claim any article found left in any transport vehicle under section 106 and the manner of sale of such article;\n(g) the manner of service of orders under this Chapter;\n(h) any other matter which has to be, or may be, prescribed.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 99
        },
        {
            "number": "108",
            "title": "108. Certain powers of State Government exercisable by the Central Government.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "Chapter VII\nConstruction, Equipment And Maintenance Of Motor Vehicles",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 100
        },
        {
            "number": "109",
            "title": "109. General provision regarding construction and maintenance of vehicles.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 101
        },
        {
            "number": "110",
            "title": "110. Power of Central Government to make rules.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the width, height, length and overhand of vehicles and of the loads carried;\n[(b) the size, nature, maximum retail price and condition of tyres, including embossing thereon of date and year of manufacture, and the maximum load carrying capacity;]\nOLD LAW  ▼\n(c) brakes and steering gear;\n(d) the use of safety glasses including prohibition of the use of tinted safety glasses;\n(e) signalling appliances, lamps and reflectors;\n(f) speed governors;\n(g) the emission of smoke, visible vapour, sparks, ashes, grit or oil;\n(h) the reduction of noise emitted by or caused by vehicles;\n(i) the embossment of chassis number and engine number and the date of manufacture;\n(j) safety belts, handle bars of motor cycles, auto-dippers and other equipments essential for safety of drivers, passengers and other road users;\n(k) standards of the components [, including software,] used in the vehicle as inbuilt safety devices;\n(l) provision for transportation of goods of dangerous or hazardous nature to human life;\n(m) standards for emission of air pollutants;\n[(n) installation of catalytic convertors in the class of vehicles to be prescribed;\n(o) the placement of audio-visual or radio or tape recorder type of devices in public vehicles;\n(p) warranty after sale of vehicle and norms therefor :]\n(a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on oath;\n(b) requiring the discovery and production of any document;\n(c) receiving evidence on affidavit; and\n(d) any other matter as may be prescribed.]\n(a) the Central Government may exempt any class of motor vehicles from the provisions of this Chapter;\n(b) a State Government may exempt any motor vehicle or any class or description of motor vehicles from the rules made under sub-section (1) subject to such conditions as may be prescribed by the Central Government.\n[110A. Recall of motor vehicles.\n(a) a defect in that particular type of motor vehicle may cause harm to the environment or to the driver or occupants of such motor vehicle or other road users; and\n(b) a defect in that particular type of motor vehicle has been reported to the Central Government by -\n(i) such percentage of owners, as the Central Government, may by notification in the Official Gazette, specify; or\n(ii) a testing agency; or\n(iii) any other source.\n(a) reimburse the buyers for the full cost of the motor vehicle, subject to any hire-purchase or lease-hypothecation agreement; or\n(b) replace the defective motor vehicle with another motor vehicle of similar or better specifications which complies with the standards specified under this Act or repair it; and\n(c) pay such fines and other dues in accordance with sub-section (6).\n(a) summoning and enforcing the attendance of any person and examining him on oath;\n(b) requiring the discovery and production of any document;\n(c) receiving evidence on affidavit; and\n(d) any other matter as may be prescribed.\n[110B. Type-approval certificate and testing agencies.\n(a) intended for export or display or demonstration or exhibition; or\n(b) used by a manufacturer of motor vehicles or motor vehicle components or a research and development centre or a test by agency for testing and validation or for data collection, inside factory premises or in a non-public place; or\n(c) exempted by the Central Government.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 102
        },
        {
            "number": "111",
            "title": "111. Power of State Government to make rules.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) seating arrangements in public service vehicles and the protection of passengers against the weather;\n(b) prohibiting or restricting the use of audible signals at certain times or in certain places;\n(c) prohibiting the carrying of appliances likely to cause annoyance or danger;\n(d) the periodical testing and inspection of vehicles by prescribed authorities [and fees to be charged for such test;]\n(e) the particulars other than registration marks to be exhibited by vehicles and the manner in which they shall be exhibited; and\n(f) the use of trailers with motor vehicles;\nOLD LAW  ▼\nChapter VIII\nControl Of Traffic",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 103
        },
        {
            "number": "112",
            "title": "112. Limits of speed.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 104
        },
        {
            "number": "113",
            "title": "113. Limits of weight and limitations on use.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the unladen weight of which exceeds the unladen weight specified in the certificate of registration of the vehicle, or\n(b) the laden weight of which exceeds the gross vehicle weight specified in the certificate of registration.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 105
        },
        {
            "number": "114",
            "title": "114. Power to have vehicle weighed.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 106
        },
        {
            "number": "115",
            "title": "115. Power to restrict the use of vehicles.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 107
        },
        {
            "number": "116",
            "title": "116. Power to erect traffic signs.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(b) A State Government or any authority authorised in this behalf by the State Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette or by the erection at suitable places of the appropriate traffic sign referred to in Part A of the Schedule, designate certain roads as main roads for the purposes of the driving regulations made by the Central Government.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 108
        },
        {
            "number": "117",
            "title": "117. Parking places and halting stations.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 109
        },
        {
            "number": "118",
            "title": "118. Driving regulations.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 110
        },
        {
            "number": "119",
            "title": "119. Duty to obey traffic signs.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 111
        },
        {
            "number": "120",
            "title": "120. Vehicles with left hand control.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 112
        },
        {
            "number": "121",
            "title": "121. Signals and signalling devices.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) in the case of a motor vehicle with a right-hand steering control, may be given by a mechanical or electrical device of a prescribed nature affixed to the vehicle; and\n(b) in the case of a motor vehicle with a left-hand steering control, shall be given by a mechanical or electrical device of a prescribed nature affixed to the vehicle:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 113
        },
        {
            "number": "122",
            "title": "122. Leaving vehicle in dangerous position.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 114
        },
        {
            "number": "123",
            "title": "123. Riding on running board, etc.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 115
        },
        {
            "number": "124",
            "title": "124. Prohibition against travelling without pass or ticket.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) pass means a duty privilege or courtesy pass entitling the person to whom it is given to travel in a stage carriage gratuitously and includes a pass issued on payment for travel in a stage carriage for the period specified therein;\n(b) ticket includes a single ticket, a return ticket or a season ticket.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 116
        },
        {
            "number": "125",
            "title": "125. Obstruction of driver.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 117
        },
        {
            "number": "126",
            "title": "126. Stationary vehicles.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 118
        },
        {
            "number": "127",
            "title": "127. Removal of motor vehicles abandoned or left unattended on a public place",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "OLD LAW  ▼",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 119
        },
        {
            "number": "128",
            "title": "128. Safety measures for drivers and pillion riders.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[129. Wearing of protective headgear.\n(a) by virtue of its shape, material and construction, could reasonably be expected to afford to the person driving or riding on a motorcycle a degree of protection from injury in the event of an accident; and\n(b) is securely fastened to the head of the wearer by means of straps or other fastenings provided on the headgear.]",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 120
        },
        {
            "number": "130",
            "title": "130. Duty to produce licence and certificate of registration.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "OLD LAW  ▼\nOLD LAW  ▼",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 121
        },
        {
            "number": "131",
            "title": "131. Duty of the driver to take certain precautions at unguarded railway level crossings.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 122
        },
        {
            "number": "132",
            "title": "132. Duty of driver to stop in certain cases.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[(a) when required to do so by any police officer not below the rank of a Sub-Inspector in uniform, in the event of the vehicle being involved in the occurrence of an accident to a person, animal or vehicle or of damage to property, or]\nOLD LAW  ▼\n(b) when required to do so by any person in charge of an animal if such person apprehends that the animal is, or being alarmed by the vehicle will become, unmanageable, or\n(c) [* * *]\nOLD LAW  ▼",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 123
        },
        {
            "number": "133",
            "title": "133. Duty of owner of motor vehicle to give information.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 124
        },
        {
            "number": "134",
            "title": "134. Duty of driver in case of accident and injury to a person.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) unless it is not practicable to do so on account of mob fury or any other reason beyond his control, take all reasonable steps to secure medical attention for the injured person, [by conveying him to the nearest medical practitioner or hospital, and it shall be the duty of every registered medical practitioner or the doctor on the duty in the hospital immediately to attend to the injured person and render medical aid or treatment without waiting for any procedural formalities] , unless the injured person or his guardian, in case he is a minor, desires otherwise;\n(b) give on demand by a police officer any information required by him, or, if no police officer is present, report the circumstances of the occurrence, including the circumstances, if any, for not taking reasonable steps to secure medical attention as required under clause (a), at the nearest police station as soon as possible, and in any case within twenty-four hours of the occurrence;\n[(c) give the following information in writing to the insurer, who has issued the certificates of insurance, about the occurrence of the accident, namely:\n(i) insurance policy number and period of its validity;\n(ii) date, time and place of accident;\n(iii) particulars of the persons injured or killed in the accident;\n(iv) name of the driver and the particulars of his driving licence .\n[134A. Protection of Good Samaritans.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 125
        },
        {
            "number": "135",
            "title": "135. Schemes to be framed for the investigation of accident cases and wayside amenities, etc.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) an in depth study on causes and analysis of motor vehicle accidents;\n(b) wayside amenities on highways;\n(c) traffic aid posts on highways; [***]\n(d) truck parking complexes along [highways; and] .\n[(e) any other amenities in the interests of the safety and the convenience of the public.]",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 126
        },
        {
            "number": "136",
            "title": "136. Inspection of vehicle involved in accident.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[136A. Electronic monitoring and enforcement of road safety.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 127
        },
        {
            "number": "137",
            "title": "137. Power of Central Government to make rules.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the occasions on which signals shall be made by drivers of motor vehicles and such signals under section 121;\n[(aa) providing for the standards of protective headgear and measures for the safety of children below the age of four years riding under section 129;]\n(b) the manner in which the licences and certificates may be produced to the police officer under section 130.\n[(c) providing for limits of urban city by the State Governments under sub-section (1) of section 136A; and\n(d) providing for electronic monitoring and enforcement under sub-section (2) of section 136A.]",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 128
        },
        {
            "number": "138",
            "title": "138. Power of State Government to make rules.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the removal and the safe custody of vehicles including their loads which have broken down or which have been left standing or have been abandoned on roads;\n(b) the installation and use of weighing devices;\n(c) the maintenance and management of wayside amenities complexes;\n(d) the exemption from all or any of the provisions of this Chapter of fire Brigade vehicles, ambulances and other special classes or descriptions of vehicle, subject to such conditions as may be prescribed;\n(e) the maintenance and management of parking places and stands and the fees, if any, which may be charged for their use;\n(f) prohibiting the driving downhill of a motor vehicle with the gear disengaged either generally or in a specified place;\n(g) prohibiting the taking hold of or mounting of a motor vehicle in motion;\n(h) prohibiting the use of foot-paths or pavements by motor vehicles;\n(i) generally, the prevention of danger, injury or annoyance to the public or any person, or of danger or injury to property or of obstruction to traffic; and\n(j) any other matter which is to be, or may be, prescribed.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 129
        },
        {
            "number": "131",
            "title": "CHAPTER IX",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER IX",
            "content": "Motor Vehicles Temporarily Leaving Or Visiting India",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 130
        },
        {
            "number": "139",
            "title": "139. Power of Central Government to make rules.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the grant and authentication of travelling passes, certificates or authorisations to persons temporarily taking motor vehicles out of India to any place outside India or to persons temporarily proceeding out of India to any place outside India and desiring to drive a motor vehicle during their absence from India;\n(b) prescribing the conditions subject to which motor vehicles brought temporarily into India from outside India by persons intending to make a temporary stay in India may be possessed and used in India;and\n(c) prescribing the conditions subject to which persons entering India from any place outside India for a temporary stay in India may drive motor vehicles in India.\n(a) the conditions subject to which motor vehicles carrying on such services may be brought into India from outside India and possessed and used in India;\n(b) the conditions subject to which motor vehicles may be taken from any place in India to anyplace outside India;\n(c) the conditions subject to which persons employed as drivers and conductors of such motor vehicles may enter or leave India;\n(d) the grant and authentication of travelling passes, certificates or authorisations to persons employed as drivers and conductors of such motor vehicles;\n(e) the particulars (other than registration marks) to be exhibited by such motor vehicles and the manner in which such particulars are to be exhibited;\n(f) the use of trailers with such motor vehicles;\n(g) the exemption of such motor vehicles and their drivers and conductors from all or any of the provisions of this Act [other than those referred to in sub-section (4) or the rules made thereunder;\n(h) the identification of the drivers and conductors of such motor vehicles;\n(i) the replacement of the travelling passes, certificates or authorisations, permits, licences or any other prescribed documents lost or defaced, on payment of such fee as may be prescribed;\n(j) the exemption from the provisions of such laws as relate to customs, police or health with a view to facilitate such road transport services;\n(k) any other matter which is to be, or may be, prescribed.\n(a) the registration and identification of motor vehicles, or\n(b) the requirements as to construction, maintenance and equipment of motor vehicles, or\n(c) the licensing and the qualifications of drivers and conductors of motor vehicles,shall apply-\n(i) to any motor vehicle to which or to any driver of a motor vehicle to whom any rules made under clause (b) or clause (c) of sub-section (1) or under sub-section (2) apply; or\n(ii) to any conductor of a motor vehicle to whom any rules made under sub-section (2) apply.\n[***]\nOLD LAW  ▼",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 131
        },
        {
            "number": "133",
            "title": "CHAPTER X",
            "chapter": "CHAPTER X",
            "content": "Liability Without Fault In Certain Cases",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 132
        },
        {
            "number": "140",
            "title": "140. Liability to pay compensation in certain cases on the principle of no fault.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 133
        },
        {
            "number": "141",
            "title": "141. Provisions as to other right to claim compensation for death or permanent disablement.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) if the amount of the first-mentioned compensation is less than the amount of the second-mentioned compensation, he shall be liable to pay (in addition to the first-mentioned compensation) only so much of the second-mentioned compensation as is equal to the amount by which it exceeds the first-mentioned compensation;\n(b) if the amount of the first-mentioned compensation is equal to or more than the amount of the second-mentioned compensation, he shall not be liable to pay the second-mentioned compensation.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 134
        },
        {
            "number": "142",
            "title": "142. Permanent disablement.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) permanent privation of the sight of either eye or the hearing of either ear, or privation of any member or joint; or\n(b) destruction or permanent impairing of the powers of any member or joint; or\n(c) permanent disfiguration of the head or face.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 135
        },
        {
            "number": "143",
            "title": "143. Applicability of Chapter to certain claims under Act 8 of 1923.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 136
        },
        {
            "number": "144",
            "title": "144. Overriding effect.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[Chapter XI\nInsurance of Motor Vehicles Against Third Party Risks",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 137
        },
        {
            "number": "145",
            "title": "145. Definitions.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) \"authorised insurer\" means an insurer for the time being carrying on general insurance business in India and granted a certificate of registration by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India established under section 3 of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999 and any Government insurance fund authorised to do general insurance business under the General Insurance Business (Nationalisation) Act, 1972;\n(b) \"certificate of insurance\" means a certificate issued by an authorised insurer in pursuance of section 147 and includes a cover note complying with such requirements as may be prescribed, and where more than one certificate has been issued in connection with a policy, or where a copy of a certificate has been issued, all those certificates or that copy, as the case may be;\n(c) \"grievous hurt\" shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in section 320 of the Indian Penal Code;\n(d) \"hit and run motor accident\" means an accident arising out of the use of a motor vehicle or motor vehicles the identity whereof cannot be ascertained in spite of reasonable efforts for the purpose;\n(e) \"Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority\" means the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority established under section 3 of the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act, 1999;\n(f) \"policy of insurance\" includes certificate of insurance;\n(g) \"property\" includes roads, bridges, culverts, causeways, trees, posts, milestones and baggage of passengers and goods carried in any motor vehicle;\n(h) \"reciprocating country\" means any such country as may on the basis of reciprocity be notified by the Central Government in the Official Gazette to be a reciprocating country for the purposes of this Act;\n(i) \"third party\" includes the Government, the driver and any other co-worker on a transport vehicle.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": true,
            "sort_order": 138
        },
        {
            "number": "146",
            "title": "146. Necessity for insurance against third party risk.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the Central Government or a State Government, if the vehicle is used for purposes connected with any commercial enterprise;\n(b) any local authority;\n(c) any State Transport Undertaking:\n(i) in relation to any corporation or company owned by the Central Government or any State Government, means the Central Government or that State Government;\n(ii) in relation to any corporation or company owned by the Central Government and one or more State Governments, means the Central Government;\n(iii) in relation to any other State Transport Undertaking or any local authority, means that Government which has control over that undertaking or authority.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 139
        },
        {
            "number": "147",
            "title": "147. Requirements of policies and limits of liability.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) is issued by a person who is an authorised insurer; and\n(b) insures the person or classes of persons specified in the policy to the extent specified in sub-section (2) -\n(i) against any liability which may be incurred by him in respect of the death of or bodily injury to any person including owner of the goods or his authorised representative carried in the motor vehicle or damage to any property of a third party caused by or arising out of the use of the motor vehicle in a public place;\n(ii) against the death of or bodily injury to any passenger of a transport vehicle, except gratuitous passengers of a goods vehicle, caused by or arising out of the use of the motor vehicle in a public place.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 140
        },
        {
            "number": "148",
            "title": "148. Validity of policies of insurance issued in reciprocating countries.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 141
        },
        {
            "number": "149",
            "title": "149. Settlement by insurance company and procedure therefor.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) accepts such offer, -\n(i) the Claims Tribunal shall make a record of such settlement, and such claim shall be deemed to be settled by consent; and\n(ii) the payment shall be made by the insurance company within a maximum period of thirty days from the date of receipt of such record of settlement;\n(b) rejects such offer, a date of hearing shall be fixed by the Claims Tribunal to adjudicate such claim on merits.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 142
        },
        {
            "number": "150",
            "title": "150. Duty of insurers to satisfy judgments and awards against persons insured in respect of third party risks.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) that there has been a breach of a specified condition of the policy, being one of the following conditions, namely: -\n(i) a condition excluding the use of the vehicle -\n(A) for hire or reward, where the vehicle is on the date of the contract of insurance a vehicle not covered by a permit to ply for hire or reward; or\n(B) for organised racing and speed testing; or\n(C) for a purpose not allowed by the permit under which the vehicle is used, where the vehicle is a transport vehicle; or\n(D) without side-car being attached where the vehicle is a two-wheeled vehicle; or\n(ii) a condition excluding driving by a named person or by any person who is not duly licenced or by any person who has been disqualified for holding or obtaining a driving licence during the period of disqualification or driving under the influence of alcohol or drugs as laid down in section 185; or\n(iii) a condition excluding liability for injury caused or contributed to by conditions of war, civil war, riot or civil commotion; or\n(b) that the policy is void on the ground that it was obtained by nondisclosure of any material fact or by representation of any fact which was false in some material particular; or\n(c) that there is non-receipt of premium as required under section 64VB of the Insurance Act, 1938.\n(a) \"award\" means an award made by the Claims Tribunal under section 168;\n(b) \"Claims Tribunal\" means a Claims Tribunal constituted under section 165;\n(c) \"liability covered by the terms of the policy\" means the liability which is covered by the policy or which would be so covered but for the fact that the insurer is entitled to avoid or cancel or has avoided or cancelled the policy; and\n(d) \"material fact\" and \"material particular\" mean, respectively, a fact or particular of such a nature as to influence the judgment of a prudent insurer in determining whether he shall take the risk and, if so, at what premium and on what conditions.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 143
        },
        {
            "number": "151",
            "title": "151. Rights of third party against insurers on insolvency of insured.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) in the event of the person becoming insolvent or making a composition or arrangement with his creditors; or\n(b) where the insured person is a company, in the event of a winding-up order being made or a resolution for a voluntary winding-up being passed with respect to the company or of a receiver or manager of the company's business or undertaking being duly appointed, or of possession being taken by or on behalf of the holders of any debentures secured by a floating charge of any property comprised in or subject to the charge,\n(a) if the liability of the insurer to the insured person exceeds the liability of the insured person to the third party, nothing in this Chapter shall affect the rights of the insured person against the insurer in respect of the excess amount; and\n(b) if the liability of the insurer to the insured person is less than the liability of the insured person to the third party, nothing in this Chapter shall affect the rights of the third party against the insured person in respect of the balance amount.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 144
        },
        {
            "number": "152",
            "title": "152. Duty to give information as to insurance.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 145
        },
        {
            "number": "153",
            "title": "153. Settlement between insurers and insured persons.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 146
        },
        {
            "number": "154",
            "title": "154. Saving in respect of sections 151, 152 and 153.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 147
        },
        {
            "number": "155",
            "title": "155. Effect of death on certain causes of action.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 148
        },
        {
            "number": "156",
            "title": "156. Effect of certificate of insurance.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) if and so long as the policy described in the certificate has not been issued by the insurer to the insured, the insurer shall, as between himself and any other person except the insured, be deemed to have issued to the insured person a policy of insurance conforming in all respects with the description and particulars stated in such certificate; and\n(b) if the insurer has issued to the insured the policy described in the certificate, but the actual terms of the policy are less favourable to persons claiming under or by virtue of the policy against the insurer either directly or through the insured than the particulars of the policy as stated in the certificate, the policy shall, as between the insurer and any other person except the insured, be deemed to be in terms conforming in all respects with the particulars stated in the said certificate.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 149
        },
        {
            "number": "157",
            "title": "157. Transfer of certificate of insurance.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 150
        },
        {
            "number": "158",
            "title": "158. Production of certain certificates, licence and permit in certain cases.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the certificate of insurance;\n(b) the certificate of registration;\n(c) the pollution under control certificate;\n(d) the driving licence;\n(e) in the case of a transport vehicle, also the certificate of fitness referred to in section 56, and the permit; and\n(f) any certificate or authorisation of exemption that has been granted under this Act,",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 151
        },
        {
            "number": "159",
            "title": "159. Information to be given regarding accident.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 152
        },
        {
            "number": "160",
            "title": "160. Duty to furnish particulars of vehicle involved in accident.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 153
        },
        {
            "number": "161",
            "title": "161. Special provisions as t o compensation in case of hit and run motor accident.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) in respect of the death of any person resulting from a hit and run motor accident, a fixed sum of two lakh rupees or such higher amount as may be prescribed by the Central Government;\n(b) in respect of grievous hurt to any person resulting from a hit and run motor accident, a fixed sum of fifty thousand rupees or such higher amount as may be prescribed by the Central Government.\n(a) a payment of such sum as may be prescribed by the Central Government as interim relief to any claimant under such scheme;\n(b) a contravention of any provision thereof shall be punishable with imprisonment which may extend to two years, or with fine which shall not be less than twenty-five thousand rupees but may extend to five lakh rupees or with both;\n(c) the powers, functions or duties conferred or imposed on any officer or authority by such scheme may be delegated with the prior approval in writing of Central Government, by such officer or authority to any other officer or authority.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 154
        },
        {
            "number": "162",
            "title": "162. Scheme for golden hour.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 155
        },
        {
            "number": "161",
            "title": "163. Refund in certain cases of compensation paid under section 161.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) if compensation has already been paid under section 161, direct the person liable to pay the compensation awarded by it to refund to the insurer, so much thereof as is required to be refunded in accordance with the provisions of sub-section (1);\n(b) if an application for payment of compensation is pending under section 161 forward the particulars as to the compensation awarded by it to the insurer.\n(i) if such application has been rejected, till the date of the rejection of the application; and\n(ii) in any other case, till the date of payment of compensation in pursuance of the application.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 156
        },
        {
            "number": "164",
            "title": "164. Payment of compensation in case of death or grevious hurt, etc.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 157
        },
        {
            "number": "164A",
            "title": "164A. Scheme for interim relief for claimants.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 158
        },
        {
            "number": "164B",
            "title": "164B. Motor Vehicle Accident Fund.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) payment of a nature notified and approved by the Central Government;\n(b) any grant or loan made to the Fund by the Central Government;\n(c) the balance of the Fund created under scheme framed under section 163, as it stood immediately before the commencement of the Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019; and\n(d) any other source of income as may be prescribed by the Central Government.\n(a) treatment of the persons injured in road accidents in accordance with the scheme framed by the Central Government under section 162;\n(b) compensation to representatives of a person who died in hit and run motor accident in accordance with schemes framed under section 161;\n(c) compensation to a person grievously hurt in a hit and run motor accident in accordance with schemes framed under section 161; and\n(d) compensation to such persons as may be prescribed by the Central Government.\n(a) knowledge of insurance business of the agency;\n(b) capability of the agency to manage funds; and\n(c) any other criteria as may be prescribed by the Central Government.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 159
        },
        {
            "number": "164C",
            "title": "164C. Power of Central Government to make rules.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the forms to be used for the purposes of this Chapter including, -\n(i) the form of the insurance policy and the particulars it shall contain as referred to in sub-section (3) of section 147;\n(ii) the form for making changes in regard to the fact of transfer in the certificate of insurance under sub-section (2) of section 157;\n(iii) the form in which the accident information report may be prepared, the particulars it shall contain, the manner and the time for submitting the report to the Claims Tribunal and the other agency under section 159;\n(iv) the form for furnishing information under section 160; and\n(v) the form of the annual statement of accounts for the Motor Vehicle Accident Fund under sub-section (7) of section 164B;\n(b) the making of applications for and the issue of certificates of insurance;\n(c) the issue of duplicates to replace certificates of insurance lost, destroyed or mutilated;\n(d) the custody, production, cancellation and surrender of certificates of insurance;\n(e) the records to be maintained by insurers of policies of insurance issued under this Chapter;\n(f) the identification by certificates or otherwise of persons or vehicles exempted from the provisions of this Chapter;\n(g) the furnishing of information respecting policies of insurance by insurers;\n(h) adopting the provisions of this Chapter to vehicles brought into India by persons making only a temporary stay therein or to vehicles registered in a reciprocating country and operating on any route or within any area in India by applying those provisions with prescribed modifications;\n(i) the requirements which a certificate of insurance is required to comply with as referred to in clause (b) of section 145;\n(j) administration of the Fund established under sub-section (3) of section 146;",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 160
        },
        {
            "number": "164D",
            "title": "164D. Power of State Government to make rules.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the other authority under sub-section (5) of section 147; and\n(b) any other matter which is to be, or may be, prescribed, or in respect of which provision is to be made by rules.]\nChapter XII\nClaims Tribunals",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 161
        },
        {
            "number": "165",
            "title": "165. Claims Tribunals.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) is, or has been, a Judge of a High Court, or\n(b) is, or has been, a District Judge, or\n(c) is qualified for appointment as a High Court Judge [or as a District Judge.]",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 162
        },
        {
            "number": "166",
            "title": "166. Application for compensation.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) by the person who has sustained the injury; or\n(b) by the owner of the property; or\n(c) where death has resulted from the accident, by all or any of the legal representatives of the deceased; or\n(d) by any agent duly authorised by the person injured or all or any of the legal representatives of the deceased, as the case may be:\nOLD LAW  ▼\nOLD LAW  ▼",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 163
        },
        {
            "number": "167",
            "title": "167. Option regarding claims for compensation in certain cases.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 164
        },
        {
            "number": "168",
            "title": "168. Award of the Claims Tribunal.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 165
        },
        {
            "number": "169",
            "title": "169. Procedure and powers of Claims Tribunals.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 166
        },
        {
            "number": "170",
            "title": "170. Impleading insurer in certain cases.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) there is collusion between the person making the claim and the person against whom the claim is made, or\n(b) the person against whom the claim is made has failed to contest the claim, it may, for reasons to be recorded in writing, direct that the insurer who may be liable in respect of such claim, shall be impleaded as a party to the proceeding and the insurer so impleaded shall thereupon have, without prejudice to the provisions contained in sub-section (2) of [section 150] , the right to contest the claim on all or any of the grounds that are available to the person against whom the claim has been made.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 167
        },
        {
            "number": "171",
            "title": "171. Award of interest where any claim is allowed.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 168
        },
        {
            "number": "172",
            "title": "172. Award of compensatory costs in certain cases.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the policy of insurance is void on the ground that it was obtained by representation of fact which was false in any material particular, or\n(b) any party or insurer has put forward a false or vexatious claim or defence, such Tribunal may make an order for the payment, by the party who is guilty of mis-representation or by whom such claim or defence has been put forward of special costs by way of compensation to the insurer or, as the case may be, to the party against whom such claim or defence has been put forward.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 169
        },
        {
            "number": "173",
            "title": "173. Appeals.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 170
        },
        {
            "number": "174",
            "title": "174. Recovery of money from insurer as arrear of land revenue.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 171
        },
        {
            "number": "175",
            "title": "175. Bar on jurisdiction of Civil Courts.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 172
        },
        {
            "number": "176",
            "title": "176. Power of State Government to make rules.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the form of application for claims for compensation and the particulars it may contain, and the fees, if any, to be paid in respect of such applications;\n(b) the procedure to be followed by a Claims Tribunal in holding an inquiry under this Chapter;\n(c) the powers vested in a Civil Court which may be exercised by a Claims Tribunal;\n(d) the form and the manner in which and the fees (if any) on payment of which an appeal may be preferred against an award of a Claims Tribunal; and\n(e) any other matter which is to be, or may be, prescribed.\nChapter XIII\nOffences, Penalties And Procedure",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 173
        },
        {
            "number": "177",
            "title": "177. General provision for punishment of offences.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[177A. Penalty for contravention of regulations under section 118.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 174
        },
        {
            "number": "178",
            "title": "178. Penalty for travelling without pass or ticket and for dereliction of duty on the part of conductor and refusal to ply contract carriage, etc.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) to supply a ticket to a person travelling in a stage carriage on payment of fare by such person, either wilfully or negligently,\n(i) fails or refuses to accept the fare when tendered, or\n(ii) fails or refuses to supply a ticket, or\n(iii) supplies an invalid ticket, or\n(iv) supplies a ticket of a lesser value, or\n(b) to check any pass or ticket, either wilfully or negligently fails or refuses to do so, he  shall be punishable with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees.\n(a) in the case of two-wheeled or three-wheeled motor vehicles, be punishable with fine which may extend to fifty rupees; and\n(b) in any other case, be punishable with fine which may extend to [five hundred rupees] .",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 175
        },
        {
            "number": "179",
            "title": "179. Disobedience of orders, obstruction and refusal of information.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 176
        },
        {
            "number": "180",
            "title": "180. Allowing unauthorised persons to drive vehicles.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 177
        },
        {
            "number": "3",
            "title": "181. Driving vehicles in contravention of section 3 or section 4.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 178
        },
        {
            "number": "182",
            "title": "182. Offences relating to licences.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[182A. Punishment for offences relating to construction, maintenance, sale and alteration of motor vehicles and components.\n[182B. Punishment for contravention of section 62A.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 179
        },
        {
            "number": "183",
            "title": "183. Driving at excessive speed, etc.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) where such motor vehicle is a light motor vehicle with fine which shall not be less than one thousand rupees but may extend to two thousand rupees;\n(ii) where such motor vehicle is a medium goods vehicle or a medium passenger vehicle or a heavy goods vehicle or a heavy passenger vehicle with fine which shall not be less than two thousand rupees, but may extend to four thousand rupees; and\n(iii) for the second or any subsequent offence under this sub-section the driving licence of such driver shall be impounded as per the provisions of the sub-section (4) of section 206.]",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 180
        },
        {
            "number": "184",
            "title": "184. Driving dangerously.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) jumping a red light;\n(b) violating a stop sign;\n(c) use of handheld communications devices while driving;\n(d) passing or overtaking other vehicles in a manner contrary to law;\n(e) driving against the authorised flow of traffic; or\n(f) driving in any manner that falls far below what would be expected of a competent and careful driver and where it would be obvious to a competent and careful driver that driving in that manner would be dangerous, shall amount to driving in such manner which is dangerous to the public.]",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 181
        },
        {
            "number": "185",
            "title": "185. Driving by a drunken person or by a person under the influence of drugs.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[(a) has, in his blood, alcohol exceeding 30 mg. per 100 ml. of blood detected in a test by a breath analyser, [or in any other test including a laboratory test,] or ]\nOLD LAW  ▼\n(b) is under the influence of a drug to such an extent as to be incapable of exercising proper control over the vehicle, shall be punishable for the first offence with imprisonment for a term which may extend to six months, or with fine [of ten thousand rupees] , or with both; and for a second or subsequent offence, [***] , with imprisonment for a term which may extend to two years, or with fine [of fifteen thousand rupees] , or with both.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 182
        },
        {
            "number": "186",
            "title": "186. Driving when mentally or physically unfit to drive.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 183
        },
        {
            "number": "187",
            "title": "187. Punishment for offences relating to accident.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 184
        },
        {
            "number": "188",
            "title": "188. Punishment for abetment of certain offences.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 185
        },
        {
            "number": "189",
            "title": "189. Racing and trials of speed.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 186
        },
        {
            "number": "190",
            "title": "190. Using vehicle in unsafe condition.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[191.\nOLD LAW  ▼",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 187
        },
        {
            "number": "191",
            "title": "191. Sale of vehicle in or alteration of vehicle to condition contravening this Act.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[192. Using vehicles without registration.\nSTATE AMENDMENTS  ▼\n(a) in sub-S. (1), for the expression with fine which may extend to two thousand rupees as occurring between the expression punishable for the first offence and expression and for any second or subsequent offence the expression with fine which shall not be less than five thousand rupees and for the expression with fine which may extend to three thousand rupees as occurring between the expression which may extend to six months or and the expression or with both the expression with fine which shall not be less than ten thousand rupees shall be substituted, and\n(b) After sub-S. (1), the following proviso shall be inserted, namely:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 188
        },
        {
            "number": "192A",
            "title": "192A. Using vehicles without permit.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "OLD LAW  ▼\n[192B. Offences relating to registration.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 189
        },
        {
            "number": "193",
            "title": "193. Punishment of [agents, canvassers and aggregators] without proper authority.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 190
        },
        {
            "number": "194",
            "title": "194. Driving vehicle exceeding permissible weight",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "OLD LAW  ▼\n[194A. Carriage of excess passengers.\n[194B. Use of safety belts and the seating of children.\n[194C. Penalty for violation of safety measures for motor cycle drivers and pillion riders.\n[194D. Penalty for not wearing protective headgear.\n[194E. Failure to allow free passage to emergency vehicles.\n[194F. Use of horns and silence zones.\n(a) while driving a motor vehicle -\n(i) sounds the horn needlessly or continuously or more than necessary to ensure safety,or\n(ii) sounds the horn in an area with a traffic sign prohibiting the use of a horn, or\n(b) drives a motor vehicle which makes use of a cut-out by which exhaust gases are released other than through the silencer, shall be punishable with a fine of one thousand rupees and for a second or subsequent offence with a fine of two thousand rupees.]\n[195.\nOLD LAW  ▼",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 191
        },
        {
            "number": "195",
            "title": "195. Imposition of minimum fine under certain circumstances.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 192
        },
        {
            "number": "196",
            "title": "196. Driving uninsured vehicle.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 193
        },
        {
            "number": "197",
            "title": "197. Taking vehicle without authority.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 194
        },
        {
            "number": "198",
            "title": "198. Unauthorised interference with vehicle.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[198A. Failure to comply with standards for road design, construction and maintenance.\n(a) the characteristics of the road, and the nature and type of traffic which was reasonably expected to use it as per the design of road;\n(b) the standard of maintenance norms applicable for a road of that character and use by such traffic;\n(c) the state of repair in which road users would have expected to find the road;\n(d) whether the designated authority responsible for the maintenance of the road knew, or could reasonably have been expected to know, that the condition of the part of the road to which the action relates was likely to cause danger to the road users;\n(e) whether the designated authority responsible for the maintenance of the road could not reasonably have been expected to repair that part of the road before the cause of action arose;\n(f) whether adequate warning notices through road signs, of its condition had been displayed; and\n(g) such other matters as may be prescribed by the Central Government.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 195
        },
        {
            "number": "199",
            "title": "199. Offences by companies.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) company means any body corporate and includes a firm or other association of individuals; and\n(b) director, in relation to a firm, means a partner in the firm.\n[199A. Offences by juveniles.\n[199B. Revision of fines.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 196
        },
        {
            "number": "200",
            "title": "200. Composition of certain offences.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 197
        },
        {
            "number": "201",
            "title": "201. Penalty for causing obstruction to free flow of traffic.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "OLD LAW  ▼",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 198
        },
        {
            "number": "202",
            "title": "202. Power to arrest without warrant.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "OLD LAW  ▼",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 199
        },
        {
            "number": "203",
            "title": "203. Breath tests",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "OLD LAW  ▼\n(a) in the case of a person who is at a hospital as an indoor patient, at the hospital,\n(b) in the case of any other person, either at or near the place where the requirement is made, or, if the police officer thinks fit, at a police station specified by the police officer:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 200
        },
        {
            "number": "204",
            "title": "204. Laboratory test.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) it appears to the police officer that the device, by means of which breath test was taken in relation to such person, indicates the presence of alcohol in the blood of such person, or\n(b) such person, when given the opportunity to submit to a breath test, has refused, omitted or failed to do so:\n(a) if it appears to the police officer that the device by means of which test is carried out in relation to the breath of such person indicates the presence of alcohol in the blood of such person, or\n(b) if the person having been required, whether at the hospital or elsewhere, to provide a specimen of breath for a breath test, has refused, omitted or failed to do so and a police officer has reasonable cause to suspect him of having alcohol in his blood:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 201
        },
        {
            "number": "205",
            "title": "205. Presumption of unfitness to drive.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 202
        },
        {
            "number": "206",
            "title": "206. Power of police officer to impound document.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 203
        },
        {
            "number": "207",
            "title": "207. Power to detain vehicles used without certificate of registration permit, etc.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "STATE AMENDMENTS  ▼",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 204
        },
        {
            "number": "208",
            "title": "208. Summary disposal of cases.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(i) may, if the offence is an offence punishable with imprisonment under this Act; and\n(ii) shall, in any other case, state  upon the summons to be served on the accused person that he\n(a) may appear by pleader or in person; or\n(b) may, by a specified date prior to the hearing of the charge, plead guilty to the charge and remit to the Court, by money order, such sum (not exceeding the maximum fine that may be imposed for the offence) as the Court may specify, and the plea of guilt indicated in the money order coupon itself:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 205
        },
        {
            "number": "209",
            "title": "209. Restriction on conviction.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) he was warned at the time the offence was committed that the question of prosecuting him would be taken into consideration, or\n(b) within fourteen days from the commission of the offence, a notice specifying the nature of the offence and the time and place where it is alleged to have been committed was served on or sent by registered post to him or the person registered as the owner of the vehicle at the time of the commission of the offence, or\n(c) within twenty-eight days of the commission of the offence, a summons for the offence was served on him:\n(a) the failure to serve the notice or summons referred to in this sub-section was due to the fact that neither the name and address of the accused nor the name and address of the registered owner of the vehicle could with reasonable diligence have been ascertained in time, or\n(b) such failure was brought about by the conduct of the accused.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 206
        },
        {
            "number": "210",
            "title": "210. Courts to send intimation about conviction.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) the licensing authority which issued the driving licence, and\n(b) the licensing authority by whom the licence was last renewed, and every such intimation shall state the name and address of the holder of the licence, the licence number, the date of issue and renewal of the same, the nature of the offence, the punishment awarded for the same and such other particulars as may be prescribed.\n[210A. Power of State Government to increase penalties.\n[210B. Penalty for offence committed by an enforcing authority.\n[210C. Power of Central Government to make rules.\n(a) design, construction and maintenance standards for National highways;\n(b) such other factors as may be taken into account by the Court under sub-section (3) of section 198A;\n(c) any other matter which is, or has to be, prescribed by the Central Government.]\n[210D. Power of State Government to make rules.\nChapter XIV\nMiscellaneous",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 207
        },
        {
            "number": "211",
            "title": "211. Power to levy fee.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[211A. Use of electronic forms and documents.\n(a) the filing of any form, application or any other document with any office, authority, body or agency owned or controlled by the Central Government or the State Government in a particular manner;\n(b) the issue or grant of any licence, permit, sanction, approval or endorsement, by whatever name called in a particular manner; or\n(c) the receipt or payment of money in a particular manner,\n(a) the manner and format in which such electronic forms and documents shall be filed, created or issued; and\n(b) the manner or method of payment of any fee or charges for filing, creation or issue of any electronic document under clause (a).]",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 208
        },
        {
            "number": "212",
            "title": "212. Publication, commencement and laying of rules and notifications.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 209
        },
        {
            "number": "213",
            "title": "213. Appointment of motor vehicles officers.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) make such examination and inquiry as he thinks fit in order to ascertain whether the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder are being observed;\n(b) with such assistance, if any, as he thinks fit, enter, inspect and search any premises which is in the occupation of a person who, he has reason to believe, has committed an offence under this Act or in which a motor vehicle in respect of which such offence has been committed is kept:\n(i) any such search without a warrant shall be made only by an officer of the rank of a Gazetted Officer;\n(ii) where the offence is punishable with fine only the search shall not be made after sunset and before sunrise;\n(iii) where the search is made without a warrant, the Gazetted Officer concerned shall record in writing the grounds for not obtaining a warrant and report to his immediate superior that such search has been made;\n(c) examine any person and require the production of any register or other document maintained in pursuance of this Act, and take on the spot or otherwise statements of any person which he may consider necessary for carrying out the purposes of this Act;\n(d) seize or take copies of any registers or documents or portions thereof as he may consider relevant in respect of an offence under this Act which he has reason to believe has been committed;\n(e) launch prosecutions in respect of any offence under this Act and to take a bond for ensuring the attendance of the offender before any Court;\n(f) exercise such other powers as may be prescribed:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 210
        },
        {
            "number": "214",
            "title": "214. Effect of appeal and revision on orders passed by original authority.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 211
        },
        {
            "number": "215",
            "title": "215. Road Safety Councils and Committees.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[215A. Power of Central Government and State Government to delegate.\n(a) the Central Government shall have the power to delegate any power or functions that have been conferred upon it by the Act to any public servant or public authority and authorise such public servant or public authority to discharge any of its powers, functions and duties under this Act;\n(b) the State Government shall have the power to delegate any power or functions that have been conferred upon it by the Act to any public servant or public authority and authorise such public servant or public authority to discharge any of its powers, functions and duties under this Act.]\n[215B. National Road Safety Baord.\n(a) the standards of design, weight, construction, manufacturing process, operation and maintenance of motor vehicles and of safety equipment;\n(b) the registration and licensing of motor vehicles;\n(c) the formulation of standards for road safety, road infrastructure and control of traffic;\n(d) the facilitation of safe and sustainable utilisation of road transport ecosystem;\n(e) the promotion of new vehicle technology;\n(f) the safety of vulnerable road users;\n(g) programmes for educating and sensitising drivers and other road users; and\n(h) such other functions as may be prescribed by the Central Government from time to time.]\n[215C. Power of Central Government to make rules.\n(a) the use of electronic forms and means for the filing of documents, issue or grant of licence, permit, sanction, approval or endorsements and the receipt or payment of money as referred to in section 211A;\n(b) the minimum qualifications which the Motor Vehicles Department officers or any class thereof shall be required to possess for appointment as such, as referred to in sub-section (4) of section 213;\n(c) the terms and conditions of appointment of Chairman and Members of the National Road Safety Board under sub-section (1) of section 215B;\n(d) the other functions of the National Road Safety Board under sub-section (2) of section 215B; and\n(e) any other matter which is to be, or may be, prescribed, or in respect of which provision is to be made by rules by the Central Government.]\n[215D. Power of State Government to make rules.\n(a) the use of electronic forms and means for the filing of documents, issue or grant of licence, permit, sanction, approval or endorsements and the receipt or payment of money as referred to in section 211A;\n(b) the duties and functions of the officers of the Motor Vehicle Department, the powers to be exercised by such officers (including the powers exercisable by police officers under this Act) and the conditions governing the exercise of such powers, the uniform to be worn by them, the authorities to which they shall be subordinate as referred to in sub-section (3) of section 213;\n(c) such other powers as may be exercised by officers of the Motor Vehicles Department as referred to in clause (f) of sub-section (5) of section 213; and\n(d) any other matter which is to be, or may be, prescribed, or in respect of which provision is to be made by rules by the State Government.]",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 212
        },
        {
            "number": "216",
            "title": "216. Power to remove difficulties.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 213
        },
        {
            "number": "217",
            "title": "217. Repeal and savings.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "(a) any notification, rule, regulation, order or notice issued, or any appointment or declaration made, or exemption granted or any confiscation made, or any penalty or fine imposed, any forfeiture, cancellation or any other thing done or any other action taken under the repealed enactments, and in force immediately before such commencement shall, so far as it is not inconsistent with the provisions of this Act, be deemed to have been issued, made, granted, done or taken under the corresponding provision of this Act;\n(b) any certificate of fitness or registration or licence or permit issued or granted under the repealed enactments shall continue to have effect after such commencement under the same conditions and for the same period as if this Act had not been passed;\n(c) any document referring to any of the repealed enactments or the provisions thereof, shall be construed as referring to this Act or to the corresponding provision of this Act;\n(d) the assignment of distinguishing marks by the registering authority and the manner of display on motor vehicles in accordance with the provision of the repealed enactments shall, after the commencement of this Act, continue to remain in force until a notification under sub-section (6) of section 41 of this Act is issued;\n(e) any scheme made under section 68-C of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 (4 of 1939) or under the corresponding law, if any, in force in any State and pending immediately before the commencement of this Act shall be disposed of in accordance with the provisions of section 100 of this Act;\n(f) the permits issued under sub-section (1-A) of section 68-F of the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939 (4 of 1939), or under the corresponding provisions, if any, in force in any State immediately before the commencement of this Act shall continue to remain in force until the approved scheme under Chapter VI of this Act is published.\n[217-A. Renewal of permits, driving licences and registration granted under the Motor Vehicles Act, 1939.\n[ [Schedule I] Mandatory Signs of Schedule of The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 PART A Note: Till the road users are familiar with this sign, a definition plate may be attached with the sign carrying the word \"STOP\" in English and other languages as necessary\nMandatory Signs of Schedule of The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988\nPART A\nNote: A definition plate may be\nattached with the sign carrying the message in English and other languages as\nnecessary, as also any additional information such as the period during which\nthe restrictions will be in force or the particular vehicles to which it applies.\nNote: A definition plate may be\nattached with the sign carrying the message in English and other languages as\nnecessary, as also any additional information such as the period during which\nthe restrictions will be in force or the particular vehicles to which it applies.\nNote: Where speed limit is\nimposed only on certain class or classes of motor vehicles, this may be\nspecified on a definition plate where in addition to general speed limit, a\nspecial speed limit is imposed on motor vehicles of certain class or classes, the latter together with the class or classes of vehicles may be specified on a\ndefinition plate.\nPART B\nCautionary Signs Of Schedule I to The Motor Vehicles Act, 1998\nNote: A definition\nplate may be attached with the sign indicating the distance to the barrier and\nany other instructions.\nNote: For each\ncrossing, both signs nos. C34 and C35 are to be used. Distance of sign form the\ncrossing is indicated in brackets below the sign heading.\nNote: For each\ncrossing, both signs Nos. C36 and C37 are to be used. Distance of sign from the\ncrossing is indicated in brackets below the sign heading.\nNotes:",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 214
        },
        {
            "number": "1",
            "title": "1. The sign is illustrative on\nnational highway; inscription in regional languages may be added as required.\nIn the case of other roads, languages of inscription may be as necessary.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 215
        },
        {
            "number": "2",
            "title": "2. The size of the sign depends\non the message and size of letters.",
            "chapter": null,
            "content": "[***]\nOLD LAW ▼\n[Second Schedule]\n( See Section 163A)\nSchedule for compensation for Third Party Fatal Accidents/Injury Cases Claims\nSchedule for compensation for Third Party Fatal Accidents/Injury Cases Claims\n1. (a) Fatal Accidents:\n(b) Accidents resulting in permanent Disability:\n(b) Accidents resulting in permanent Disability:\nCompensation payable shall be = [Rs. 5,00,000/- x percentage disability as per Schedule I of the Employee;s compensation Act, 1923 (8 of 1923)]:\n(c) Accidents resulting in minor injury:\n(c) Accidents resulting in minor injury:\n2.",
            "footnote": "",
            "is_definition": false,
            "sort_order": 216
        }
    ],
    "metadata": {
        "Act ID": "Last Updated 9th January, 2020 [act195]",
        "Act Number": "(59 of 1988)",
        "Enactment Date": "14th October, 1988",
        "Act Year": "1988",
        "Short Title": "The Motor Vehicles Act, 1988",
        "Type": "CENTRAL",
        "Location": "India (Central)"
    },
    "updated_at": "2026-09-29 21:51:54"
}