(a) The operation of repairing a water-sealed gas-holder by the electric welding process, subject to the following conditions :-
(i) The gas-holder shall contain only the following gases, separately or mixed at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, namely, town gas, cokeoven gas, producer gas, blast furnace gas, or gases, other than air, used in their manufacture:
(ii) Welding shall only be done by the electric welding process and shall be carried out by experienced operative under the constant supervision of a competent person.
(b) The operations of cutting or welding steel or wrought iron gas mains and services by the application of heat, subject to the following conditions:-
(i) The main or services shall be situated in the open air, and it shall contain only the following gases, separately or mixed at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, namely, gas, coke-oven gas, producer gas, blast furnace gas or gases other than air, used in their manufacture;
(ii) The main or service shall not contain acetylene or any gas or mixture of gases to which acetylene has been added intentionally;
(iii) The operation shall be carried out by an experienced person or persons and at least two persons (including those carrying out the operations) experienced in work on gas mains and over 18 years of age shall be present during the operation;
(iv) The site of the operation shall be free from any inflammable or explosive gas or vapour;
(v) Where acetylene gas is used as a source of heat in connection with an operation, it shall be compressed and contained in a porous substance in a cylinder; and
(vi) Prior to the application of any flame to the gas main or service this shall be pierced or drilled and the escaping gas ignited.
(c) The operation of repairing an oil tank on any ship of the electric weldings process shall be subject to the following conditions :-
(i) The only oil contained in the tank shall have a flash point of not less than 150°F (close test) and a certificate to this effect shall be obtained from a competent analyst;
(ii) The analyst's certificate shall be kept available for inspection by an Inspector, or by any person employed or working on the ship;
(iii) The welding operation shall be carried out only on the exterior surface of the tank at a place (a) which is free from oil or oil leakage in inflammable quantities and (b) which is not less than one foot below the nearest part of the surface of the oil within the tank; and
(iv) Welding shall be done only by the electric welding and shall be carried out by experienced operatives under the constant supervision of a competent person.
General
General
[62.
(a) All processes involving serious explosion and flash fire hazard shall be located in segregated buildings where the equipment shall be so arranged that only a minimum number of employees are exposed to such hazards at any one time.
(b) All industrial processes involving serious fire hazard should be located in building or work place separated from one another by walls of fire resistant construction.
(c) Equipment and plant involving serious fire or flash fire hazard shall, wherever possible, be so constructed and installed that in case of fire, they can be easily isolated.
(d) Ventilation ducts, pneumatic conveyors and similar equipment, involving a serious fire risk should be provided with flame arresting or automatic fire extinguishing appliances.
(e) In all work places having serious fire or flash-fire hazards, passages between machines, installations or piles of material should be at least 90 cm.
Fire Prevention
Fire Prevention
(a) buildings in which explosive or highly flammable substances are manufactured, used, handled or stored;
(b) storage tanks containing oils, paints or other flammable liquids;
(c) grain elevators; and
(d) buildings, tall chimneys or stacks where flammable gases, fumes, dust or lint are likely to be present.
(a) all electrical apparatus shall either be excluded from the area of risk or they shall be of such construction and so installed and maintained as to prevent the danger or their being a source of ignition;
(b) effective measures shall be adopted for prevention of accumulation of static charges to a dangerous extent;
(c) Workers shall wear shoes without iron or steel nails or any other exposed materials of such nature.
(d) smoking, lighting or carrying of matches, lighters or smoking materials, ferrous materials which is likely to cause sparks by friction;
shall be prohibited;
(e) transmission belts with iron fasteners shall not be used; and
(f) all other precautions, as are reasonably practicable shall be taken to prevent initiation of ignition from all other possible sources such as open flames, frictional sparks, overheated surfaces of machinery or plants, chemical or physical chemical reaction and radiant heat.
(b) Flammable liquids shall be stored in closed containers and in limited quantities in well ventilated of fire resistant construction which are isolated from the remainder or the building by fire walls and self closing arc doors.
(c) Large quantities of such liquids shall be stored in isolated adequately ventilated building or fire resisting construction or in storage tanks, preferably under-ground and at a distance from any building as required in the petroleum Rules, 1976.
(d) Effective steps shall be taken to prevent leakage of such liquids into basements, sumps or drains and to confine any escaping liquids within safe limits.
(b) No waste material of a flammable nature shall be permitted to accumulate on the floors and shall be removed at least once in a day or shift, any more often when possible. Such materials shall be placed in suitable metal containers with covers wherever possible.
Emergent Fire Exits
Emergent Fire Exits
(i) "horizontal exit" means an arrangement which allows alternative egres from a floor area to another floor at or near the same level in a adjoining part of the same building with adequate separation; and
(ii) "travel distance" means the distance an occupant has to travel to reach an exit.
(b) An exit may be door-way, corridor, passageway to an internal or extern? stairway or to a verandah. An exit may also include a horizontal exit leading to adjoining building at the same level.
(c) Lifts, escalators and revolving-doors shall not be considered as exits for the purpose of this sub-Rule.
(d) In every room of a factory exits sufficient to permit safe escape of the occupants in case of fire or other emergency shall be provided which shall be free of any obstruction.
(e) The exits shall be clearly visible and suitably illuminated with suitable arrangement, whatever artificial lighting is to be adopted for this purpose to maintain the required illumination in case of failure of the normal source of electric supply.
(f) The exits shall be marked in a language understood by the majority of the workers.
(g) Fire resisting doors or roller shutters shall be provided at appropriate places along the escape routes to prevent spread of fire and smoke particularly at the entrance of lifts or stairs where funnel of flue effect may be created inducing an upward spread of fire.
(h) All exits shall provide continuous means of egress to the exterior of a building or to an exterior open space leading to a street.
(i) Exits shall be so located that the travel distance on the floor shall not exceed 30 meters.
(j) In case of those factories where high hazard materials are stored or used, the travel distance to the exit shall not exceed 22.5 meters and there shall be at least two ways of escape from every room, however, small except toilet rooms, so located that the points of access thereto are out of or suitably shielded from area of high hazard.
(k) Wherever more than one exit is required for any room space or floor exits shall be placed as remote from each other as possible and shall be arranged to provide direct access in separate directions from any point in the area served.
(I) The unit of exit width used to measure capacity of any exit shall be 50 cm. A clear width of 25 cm. shall be counted as an additional half unit. Clear width of less than 25 cm. shall not be counted for exit width.
(m) Occupants per unit width shall be 50 for stairs and 75 for doors.
(n) For determining the exits required the occupant load shall be reckoned on the basis of actual number of occupants within any floor area or 1.0 square meters per person, whichever is more.
(o) There shall not be less than two exits serving every floor area above and below the ground floor, and at least one of them shall be an internal enclosed stairway.
(p) For every building or structure used for storage only, and every section thereof considered separately, shall have access to at least one exit so arranged and located as to provide a suitable means of escape for any person employed therein, and in any such room wherein more than 10 persons may be normally present at least two separate means of exit shall be available, as remote from each other as practicable.
(q) Every storage area shall have access to at least one means of exit which can be readily opened.
(r) Every exit doorway shall open into an enclosed stairway, a horizontal exit, on a corridor or passageway providing continuous and protected means of egress.
(s) No exit doorway shall be not less than 100 cm. in width. Doorways shall be not less than 200 cm. in height.
(t) Exit doorways shall open outwards, that is, away from the room but shall not obstruct the travel along any exit. No door when opened, shall reduce the required width of stairway or landing to less than 90 cm. over head or sliding doors shall not be installed for this purpose.
(u) An exit door shall not open immediately upon a flight of stairs. A landing equal to at least the width of the doorway shall be provided in the stairway at each doorway. The level of landing shall be the same as that of the floor which it serves.
(v) The exit doorways shall be openable from the side which they serve without the use of a key.
(w) Exit corridors and passageways shall be of a width not less than the aggregate required width of exit doorways leading from there in the direction of travel to the exterior.
(x) Where stairways discharge through corridors and passageways the height of the corridors and passageways shall not be less than 2.4 meters.
(y) Internal stairs shall be constructed of non-combustible materials throughout,
(z) Internal stairs shall be constructed as a self contained with at least one side adjacent to an external wall and shall be completely enclosed.
(aa) A staircase shall not be arranged around a lift shatt unless the latter is totally enclosed by a material having a fire resistance rating not lower than that of the type of construction of the former.
(ab) Hollow combustible construction shall not be permitted.
(ac) The minimum width of an internal stair case shall be 100 cm.
(ad) The minimum width of treads without nosing shall be 25 cm. for an internal staircase. The treads shall be constructed and maintained in a manner to prevent slipping.
(ae) The maximum height of a riser shall be 19 cm. and the number of risers shall be limited to 12 per flight.
(af) Hand rails shall be provided with a minimum height of 100 cm. and shall be firmly supported.
(ag)The use of spiral staircase shall be limited to low occupant lead and to a building of height of 9 meters, unless they are connected to platforms such as balconies and terraces to allow escapes to pause. A spiral staircase shall be not less than 300 cm. diameter and have adequate head room.
(ah) The width of a horizontal exit shall be same as for the exit doorway.
(ai) The horizontal exit shall be equipped with at least one fire door of self closing type.
(aj) The floor area on the opposite or refuge side of a horizontal exit shall be sufficient to accommodate occupants of the floor area served, allowing not less than 0.3 square meter per person. The refuge area shall be provided with exits adequate to meet the requirements of this sub-rule. At least one of the exits shall lead directly to the exterior or street.
(ak) Where there is difference in level between connected areas for horizontal exit, ramps not more than 1 in 8 slope shall be provided. For this purpose steps shall not be used.
(al) doors in horizontal exits shall be operable at all times.
(am) Ramps with a slope of not more than 1 in 10 may be substituted for the requirements of staircase. For all slopes exceeding 1 in 10 and wherever the use is such as to involve danger of slipping the ramp shall be surfaced with non-slipping material.
(an) In any building not provided with automatic fire alarm a manual fire alarm system shall be provided if the total capacity of the building is over 500 persons, or if more than 25 persons are employed above or below the ground floor, except that no manual fire alarm shall be required in one storey buildings where the entire area is undivided and all parts thereof are clearly visible to all occupants.
Fire Fighting
Fire Fighting
(a) "Class A fire". - (a) Fire due to combustible materials such as wood, textiles, paper, rubbish and the like-
(i) "Light hazard". - Occupancies like offices, assembly halls, canteens, restrooms, ambulance room and the like;
(ii) "Ordinary hazard."-Occupancies like saw mills, carpentary shop, small timber yards, book binding shops engineering workshop and the like;
(iii) "Extra Hazard". - Occupancies like large timber yards godowns storing fibrous materials, flour mills, cotton mills, jute mills, large wood working factories and like;
(b) Class B fire. - Fire in flammable liquids like oil, petroleum products, solvents, grease, paint, etc.
(c) Class C fire. - Fire arising out of gaseous substances.
(d) Class D fire. - Fire from reactive chemicals, active materials and the like;
(e) Class E fire. - Fire involving electrical equipment and delicate machinery and the like;
(a) Class A fire -
(i) Light hazard. - One 9 litre water bucket for every 100 square metres of floor area or part thereof and 9 litre water type (soda), acid or gas pressure or bucket pump extinguisher shall be provided for each 6 buckets or part thereof with a minimum of the extinguisher and two buckets per compartment of the building. These equipments shall be as distributed over the entire area that a person have to travel not more than 25 metres from any point to reach the nearest equipment.
(ii) Ordinary hazard. - One 9 litre water bucket for every 100 square metres of floor area or part thereof and one 9 litre water type (soda), acid gas pressure or bucket pump) extinguisher minimum of 2 extinguisher and 4 buckets per compartment of the building. The equipment shall be so distributed over the entire floor area that a person shall have to travel not more than 15 metre from any point to reach the nearest equipment.
(iii) Extra hazard. - The scale of equipment would be what is prescribed for ordinary hazard and in addition such extra equipment as in the opinion of the Inspector are necessary, having regard to the special nature of occupancy:
(b) Class B fire. - There shall be at least one fire extinguisher either foam type or carbon dioxide or dry powder per 50 square metres of floor area and shall be so distributed that no person is required to travel more than 15 metres from any point to reach the nearest equipment. In addition to the requirement of extinguishers specified here, requirements as laid down in clause (a) shall also be provided.
(c) Class C fire. - Carbon dioxide or dry chemical powder extinguishers shall be provided near each plant or group of plants.
(d) Class D fire. - Special dry power (chloride based) type of extinguishers, or sand buckets shall be provided on a scale as laid down for class B fire. The Inspector may require a higher scale of portable equipment to be provided depending upon the risk involved.
(e) Class E fire. - Carbon dioxide or dry powder type extinguishers shall be provided near each plant or group of plants depending upon the risk involved.
(i) Serial number;
(ii) Date of last refilling; and
(iii) Date of last inspection.
A = The total area in square metres of all floors including galleries in all buildings of the factory;
B = The total area in square metres of all floors and galleries including open spaces in which combustible materials are handled or stored;
C = The total area in square metres of all floors over 15 metres above ground level; and
D = The total area in square metres of all floors of all building other than those of fire resisting construction:
(b) (i) Each trailer pump shall be provided with equipment as per schedule appended to this Rule.
(ii) In addition to the equipments specified in the said schedule each trailer pump shall be provided with adequate breathing apparatus.
(iii) The Chief Inspector may by an order in writing direct the occupier and/or Manager of a factory to provide such additional equipments and breathing apparatus and of such type as he may consider necessary in consideration of the nature and degree of hazards.
(iv) The equipment specified in this sub-rule shall conform to such Indian Standards specification as may be in existence.
(c) Trailer pumps shall be housed in a separate shed or sheds which shall be sited close to a principal source of water supplies in the vicinity of the main risks of the factory.
(d) In factories where the area is such as cannot be reached by men hauling of trailer pumps within reasonable time, vehicles with towing attachment shall be provided at the scale of one for every four trailer pumps with a minimum of one such vehicle kept available at all times.
(e) Water supply shall be provided to give flow of water as required under clause (a) for at least 100 minutes. At least 50 per cent of this water-supply for 4,50,000 litres whichever is less, shall be in the form of static tanks of adequate capacities (not less than 4,50,000 litres each) distributed round the factory with due regard to the potential fire risk in the factory (which piped supply is provided, the size of the main shall not be less than 15 centimeters diameter and it shall be supplying a minimum of 4,500 litres per minute at a pressure of not less than 7 kilograms per square centimeter.
(f) All trailer pumps including the equipment provided with them and vehicles for towing them shall be maintained in good condition and subjected to periodical inspection and testing as required.
(b) Sufficient number of persons shall be trained in the proper handling of fire fighting equipments and their use against the types of fire for which they are intended, to ensure that adequate number of persons are available for fire-fighting both by means of first-aid fire fighting equipment and others. Wherever vehicles with towing attachment are to be provided as required in clause (d) of sub-rule 22 sufficient number of persons shall be trained in driving where the need arises. Those vehicles to ensure that trained persons are available for driving them.
(c) Fire fighting drills shall be held at least once in every 3 months, and records in respect of such periodical drills shall be maintained in a bound register and shall be produced for inspection on demand.
Schedule
[ See Rules 62 (22) (25) (1)]
Equipment to be provided with Trailer Pump.
For light trailer pump of a capacity of 860 litres/minute. -
1 Armoured suction hose of 9 metres length, with wrenches.
1 Metal suction strainer.
1 Basket strainer.
1 Two-way suction collecting-head.
1 Suction adapter.
10 Unlined or rubber lined 70 mm. delivery hose of 25 metres length complete with quick-release couplings.
1 Dividing breaching-piece.
2 Branch-pipes with 15 mm, nozzles.
1 Diffuser nozzle.
1 Standpipe with blank cap.
1 Hydrant key.
4 Collapsible canvas bucket.
1 Fire hook (preventer) with cutting edge.
1 25 mm. manila rope of 30 metres length.
1 Extension ladder of 9 meters length (where necessary).
1 Heavy axe.
1 Spade.
1 Pick axe.
1 Crowbar.
1 Saw.
1 Hurricane lamp.
1 Electric torch.
1 Pair-rubber gloves.
For large trailer pump of a capacity of 1,800 litres/minute.
1 Armoured suction hose of 9 metres length, with wrenches.
1 Metal strainer.
1 Basket strainer.
1 Three-way suction collecting-head.
1 Suction adapter.
Section 61 • Bihar Factories Rules, 1950
61. Exemptions.
bihar-factories-rules-1950-sec-61.json
•
Section 61
{
"act_title": "Bihar Factories Rules, 1950",
"act_slug": "bihar-factories-rules-1950",
"section_label": "Section",
"section": {
"number": "61",
"title": "61. Exemptions.",
"chapter": null,
"content": "(a) The operation of repairing a water-sealed gas-holder by the electric welding process, subject to the following conditions :-\n(i) The gas-holder shall contain only the following gases, separately or mixed at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, namely, town gas, cokeoven gas, producer gas, blast furnace gas, or gases, other than air, used in their manufacture:\n(ii) Welding shall only be done by the electric welding process and shall be carried out by experienced operative under the constant supervision of a competent person.\n(b) The operations of cutting or welding steel or wrought iron gas mains and services by the application of heat, subject to the following conditions:-\n(i) The main or services shall be situated in the open air, and it shall contain only the following gases, separately or mixed at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure, namely, gas, coke-oven gas, producer gas, blast furnace gas or gases other than air, used in their manufacture;\n(ii) The main or service shall not contain acetylene or any gas or mixture of gases to which acetylene has been added intentionally;\n(iii) The operation shall be carried out by an experienced person or persons and at least two persons (including those carrying out the operations) experienced in work on gas mains and over 18 years of age shall be present during the operation;\n(iv) The site of the operation shall be free from any inflammable or explosive gas or vapour;\n(v) Where acetylene gas is used as a source of heat in connection with an operation, it shall be compressed and contained in a porous substance in a cylinder; and\n(vi) Prior to the application of any flame to the gas main or service this shall be pierced or drilled and the escaping gas ignited.\n(c) The operation of repairing an oil tank on any ship of the electric weldings process shall be subject to the following conditions :-\n(i) The only oil contained in the tank shall have a flash point of not less than 150°F (close test) and a certificate to this effect shall be obtained from a competent analyst;\n(ii) The analyst's certificate shall be kept available for inspection by an Inspector, or by any person employed or working on the ship;\n(iii) The welding operation shall be carried out only on the exterior surface of the tank at a place (a) which is free from oil or oil leakage in inflammable quantities and (b) which is not less than one foot below the nearest part of the surface of the oil within the tank; and\n(iv) Welding shall be done only by the electric welding and shall be carried out by experienced operatives under the constant supervision of a competent person.\nGeneral\nGeneral\n[62.\n(a) All processes involving serious explosion and flash fire hazard shall be located in segregated buildings where the equipment shall be so arranged that only a minimum number of employees are exposed to such hazards at any one time.\n(b) All industrial processes involving serious fire hazard should be located in building or work place separated from one another by walls of fire resistant construction.\n(c) Equipment and plant involving serious fire or flash fire hazard shall, wherever possible, be so constructed and installed that in case of fire, they can be easily isolated.\n(d) Ventilation ducts, pneumatic conveyors and similar equipment, involving a serious fire risk should be provided with flame arresting or automatic fire extinguishing appliances.\n(e) In all work places having serious fire or flash-fire hazards, passages between machines, installations or piles of material should be at least 90 cm.\nFire Prevention\nFire Prevention\n(a) buildings in which explosive or highly flammable substances are manufactured, used, handled or stored;\n(b) storage tanks containing oils, paints or other flammable liquids;\n(c) grain elevators; and\n(d) buildings, tall chimneys or stacks where flammable gases, fumes, dust or lint are likely to be present.\n(a) all electrical apparatus shall either be excluded from the area of risk or they shall be of such construction and so installed and maintained as to prevent the danger or their being a source of ignition;\n(b) effective measures shall be adopted for prevention of accumulation of static charges to a dangerous extent;\n(c) Workers shall wear shoes without iron or steel nails or any other exposed materials of such nature.\n(d) smoking, lighting or carrying of matches, lighters or smoking materials, ferrous materials which is likely to cause sparks by friction;\nshall be prohibited;\n(e) transmission belts with iron fasteners shall not be used; and\n(f) all other precautions, as are reasonably practicable shall be taken to prevent initiation of ignition from all other possible sources such as open flames, frictional sparks, overheated surfaces of machinery or plants, chemical or physical chemical reaction and radiant heat.\n(b) Flammable liquids shall be stored in closed containers and in limited quantities in well ventilated of fire resistant construction which are isolated from the remainder or the building by fire walls and self closing arc doors.\n(c) Large quantities of such liquids shall be stored in isolated adequately ventilated building or fire resisting construction or in storage tanks, preferably under-ground and at a distance from any building as required in the petroleum Rules, 1976.\n(d) Effective steps shall be taken to prevent leakage of such liquids into basements, sumps or drains and to confine any escaping liquids within safe limits.\n(b) No waste material of a flammable nature shall be permitted to accumulate on the floors and shall be removed at least once in a day or shift, any more often when possible. Such materials shall be placed in suitable metal containers with covers wherever possible.\nEmergent Fire Exits\nEmergent Fire Exits\n(i) \"horizontal exit\" means an arrangement which allows alternative egres from a floor area to another floor at or near the same level in a adjoining part of the same building with adequate separation; and\n(ii) \"travel distance\" means the distance an occupant has to travel to reach an exit.\n(b) An exit may be door-way, corridor, passageway to an internal or extern? stairway or to a verandah. An exit may also include a horizontal exit leading to adjoining building at the same level.\n(c) Lifts, escalators and revolving-doors shall not be considered as exits for the purpose of this sub-Rule.\n(d) In every room of a factory exits sufficient to permit safe escape of the occupants in case of fire or other emergency shall be provided which shall be free of any obstruction.\n(e) The exits shall be clearly visible and suitably illuminated with suitable arrangement, whatever artificial lighting is to be adopted for this purpose to maintain the required illumination in case of failure of the normal source of electric supply.\n(f) The exits shall be marked in a language understood by the majority of the workers.\n(g) Fire resisting doors or roller shutters shall be provided at appropriate places along the escape routes to prevent spread of fire and smoke particularly at the entrance of lifts or stairs where funnel of flue effect may be created inducing an upward spread of fire.\n(h) All exits shall provide continuous means of egress to the exterior of a building or to an exterior open space leading to a street.\n(i) Exits shall be so located that the travel distance on the floor shall not exceed 30 meters.\n(j) In case of those factories where high hazard materials are stored or used, the travel distance to the exit shall not exceed 22.5 meters and there shall be at least two ways of escape from every room, however, small except toilet rooms, so located that the points of access thereto are out of or suitably shielded from area of high hazard.\n(k) Wherever more than one exit is required for any room space or floor exits shall be placed as remote from each other as possible and shall be arranged to provide direct access in separate directions from any point in the area served.\n(I) The unit of exit width used to measure capacity of any exit shall be 50 cm. A clear width of 25 cm. shall be counted as an additional half unit. Clear width of less than 25 cm. shall not be counted for exit width.\n(m) Occupants per unit width shall be 50 for stairs and 75 for doors.\n(n) For determining the exits required the occupant load shall be reckoned on the basis of actual number of occupants within any floor area or 1.0 square meters per person, whichever is more.\n(o) There shall not be less than two exits serving every floor area above and below the ground floor, and at least one of them shall be an internal enclosed stairway.\n(p) For every building or structure used for storage only, and every section thereof considered separately, shall have access to at least one exit so arranged and located as to provide a suitable means of escape for any person employed therein, and in any such room wherein more than 10 persons may be normally present at least two separate means of exit shall be available, as remote from each other as practicable.\n(q) Every storage area shall have access to at least one means of exit which can be readily opened.\n(r) Every exit doorway shall open into an enclosed stairway, a horizontal exit, on a corridor or passageway providing continuous and protected means of egress.\n(s) No exit doorway shall be not less than 100 cm. in width. Doorways shall be not less than 200 cm. in height.\n(t) Exit doorways shall open outwards, that is, away from the room but shall not obstruct the travel along any exit. No door when opened, shall reduce the required width of stairway or landing to less than 90 cm. over head or sliding doors shall not be installed for this purpose.\n(u) An exit door shall not open immediately upon a flight of stairs. A landing equal to at least the width of the doorway shall be provided in the stairway at each doorway. The level of landing shall be the same as that of the floor which it serves.\n(v) The exit doorways shall be openable from the side which they serve without the use of a key.\n(w) Exit corridors and passageways shall be of a width not less than the aggregate required width of exit doorways leading from there in the direction of travel to the exterior.\n(x) Where stairways discharge through corridors and passageways the height of the corridors and passageways shall not be less than 2.4 meters.\n(y) Internal stairs shall be constructed of non-combustible materials throughout,\n(z) Internal stairs shall be constructed as a self contained with at least one side adjacent to an external wall and shall be completely enclosed.\n(aa) A staircase shall not be arranged around a lift shatt unless the latter is totally enclosed by a material having a fire resistance rating not lower than that of the type of construction of the former.\n(ab) Hollow combustible construction shall not be permitted.\n(ac) The minimum width of an internal stair case shall be 100 cm.\n(ad) The minimum width of treads without nosing shall be 25 cm. for an internal staircase. The treads shall be constructed and maintained in a manner to prevent slipping.\n(ae) The maximum height of a riser shall be 19 cm. and the number of risers shall be limited to 12 per flight.\n(af) Hand rails shall be provided with a minimum height of 100 cm. and shall be firmly supported.\n(ag)The use of spiral staircase shall be limited to low occupant lead and to a building of height of 9 meters, unless they are connected to platforms such as balconies and terraces to allow escapes to pause. A spiral staircase shall be not less than 300 cm. diameter and have adequate head room.\n(ah) The width of a horizontal exit shall be same as for the exit doorway.\n(ai) The horizontal exit shall be equipped with at least one fire door of self closing type.\n(aj) The floor area on the opposite or refuge side of a horizontal exit shall be sufficient to accommodate occupants of the floor area served, allowing not less than 0.3 square meter per person. The refuge area shall be provided with exits adequate to meet the requirements of this sub-rule. At least one of the exits shall lead directly to the exterior or street.\n(ak) Where there is difference in level between connected areas for horizontal exit, ramps not more than 1 in 8 slope shall be provided. For this purpose steps shall not be used.\n(al) doors in horizontal exits shall be operable at all times.\n(am) Ramps with a slope of not more than 1 in 10 may be substituted for the requirements of staircase. For all slopes exceeding 1 in 10 and wherever the use is such as to involve danger of slipping the ramp shall be surfaced with non-slipping material.\n(an) In any building not provided with automatic fire alarm a manual fire alarm system shall be provided if the total capacity of the building is over 500 persons, or if more than 25 persons are employed above or below the ground floor, except that no manual fire alarm shall be required in one storey buildings where the entire area is undivided and all parts thereof are clearly visible to all occupants.\nFire Fighting\nFire Fighting\n(a) \"Class A fire\". - (a) Fire due to combustible materials such as wood, textiles, paper, rubbish and the like-\n(i) \"Light hazard\". - Occupancies like offices, assembly halls, canteens, restrooms, ambulance room and the like;\n(ii) \"Ordinary hazard.\"-Occupancies like saw mills, carpentary shop, small timber yards, book binding shops engineering workshop and the like;\n(iii) \"Extra Hazard\". - Occupancies like large timber yards godowns storing fibrous materials, flour mills, cotton mills, jute mills, large wood working factories and like;\n(b) Class B fire. - Fire in flammable liquids like oil, petroleum products, solvents, grease, paint, etc.\n(c) Class C fire. - Fire arising out of gaseous substances.\n(d) Class D fire. - Fire from reactive chemicals, active materials and the like;\n(e) Class E fire. - Fire involving electrical equipment and delicate machinery and the like;\n(a) Class A fire -\n(i) Light hazard. - One 9 litre water bucket for every 100 square metres of floor area or part thereof and 9 litre water type (soda), acid or gas pressure or bucket pump extinguisher shall be provided for each 6 buckets or part thereof with a minimum of the extinguisher and two buckets per compartment of the building. These equipments shall be as distributed over the entire area that a person have to travel not more than 25 metres from any point to reach the nearest equipment.\n(ii) Ordinary hazard. - One 9 litre water bucket for every 100 square metres of floor area or part thereof and one 9 litre water type (soda), acid gas pressure or bucket pump) extinguisher minimum of 2 extinguisher and 4 buckets per compartment of the building. The equipment shall be so distributed over the entire floor area that a person shall have to travel not more than 15 metre from any point to reach the nearest equipment.\n(iii) Extra hazard. - The scale of equipment would be what is prescribed for ordinary hazard and in addition such extra equipment as in the opinion of the Inspector are necessary, having regard to the special nature of occupancy:\n(b) Class B fire. - There shall be at least one fire extinguisher either foam type or carbon dioxide or dry powder per 50 square metres of floor area and shall be so distributed that no person is required to travel more than 15 metres from any point to reach the nearest equipment. In addition to the requirement of extinguishers specified here, requirements as laid down in clause (a) shall also be provided.\n(c) Class C fire. - Carbon dioxide or dry chemical powder extinguishers shall be provided near each plant or group of plants.\n(d) Class D fire. - Special dry power (chloride based) type of extinguishers, or sand buckets shall be provided on a scale as laid down for class B fire. The Inspector may require a higher scale of portable equipment to be provided depending upon the risk involved.\n(e) Class E fire. - Carbon dioxide or dry powder type extinguishers shall be provided near each plant or group of plants depending upon the risk involved.\n(i) Serial number;\n(ii) Date of last refilling; and\n(iii) Date of last inspection.\nA = The total area in square metres of all floors including galleries in all buildings of the factory;\nB = The total area in square metres of all floors and galleries including open spaces in which combustible materials are handled or stored;\nC = The total area in square metres of all floors over 15 metres above ground level; and\nD = The total area in square metres of all floors of all building other than those of fire resisting construction:\n(b) (i) Each trailer pump shall be provided with equipment as per schedule appended to this Rule.\n(ii) In addition to the equipments specified in the said schedule each trailer pump shall be provided with adequate breathing apparatus.\n(iii) The Chief Inspector may by an order in writing direct the occupier and/or Manager of a factory to provide such additional equipments and breathing apparatus and of such type as he may consider necessary in consideration of the nature and degree of hazards.\n(iv) The equipment specified in this sub-rule shall conform to such Indian Standards specification as may be in existence.\n(c) Trailer pumps shall be housed in a separate shed or sheds which shall be sited close to a principal source of water supplies in the vicinity of the main risks of the factory.\n(d) In factories where the area is such as cannot be reached by men hauling of trailer pumps within reasonable time, vehicles with towing attachment shall be provided at the scale of one for every four trailer pumps with a minimum of one such vehicle kept available at all times.\n(e) Water supply shall be provided to give flow of water as required under clause (a) for at least 100 minutes. At least 50 per cent of this water-supply for 4,50,000 litres whichever is less, shall be in the form of static tanks of adequate capacities (not less than 4,50,000 litres each) distributed round the factory with due regard to the potential fire risk in the factory (which piped supply is provided, the size of the main shall not be less than 15 centimeters diameter and it shall be supplying a minimum of 4,500 litres per minute at a pressure of not less than 7 kilograms per square centimeter.\n(f) All trailer pumps including the equipment provided with them and vehicles for towing them shall be maintained in good condition and subjected to periodical inspection and testing as required.\n(b) Sufficient number of persons shall be trained in the proper handling of fire fighting equipments and their use against the types of fire for which they are intended, to ensure that adequate number of persons are available for fire-fighting both by means of first-aid fire fighting equipment and others. Wherever vehicles with towing attachment are to be provided as required in clause (d) of sub-rule 22 sufficient number of persons shall be trained in driving where the need arises. Those vehicles to ensure that trained persons are available for driving them.\n(c) Fire fighting drills shall be held at least once in every 3 months, and records in respect of such periodical drills shall be maintained in a bound register and shall be produced for inspection on demand.\nSchedule\n[ See Rules 62 (22) (25) (1)]\nEquipment to be provided with Trailer Pump.\nFor light trailer pump of a capacity of 860 litres/minute. -\n1 Armoured suction hose of 9 metres length, with wrenches.\n1 Metal suction strainer.\n1 Basket strainer.\n1 Two-way suction collecting-head.\n1 Suction adapter.\n10 Unlined or rubber lined 70 mm. delivery hose of 25 metres length complete with quick-release couplings.\n1 Dividing breaching-piece.\n2 Branch-pipes with 15 mm, nozzles.\n1 Diffuser nozzle.\n1 Standpipe with blank cap.\n1 Hydrant key.\n4 Collapsible canvas bucket.\n1 Fire hook (preventer) with cutting edge.\n1 25 mm. manila rope of 30 metres length.\n1 Extension ladder of 9 meters length (where necessary).\n1 Heavy axe.\n1 Spade.\n1 Pick axe.\n1 Crowbar.\n1 Saw.\n1 Hurricane lamp.\n1 Electric torch.\n1 Pair-rubber gloves.\nFor large trailer pump of a capacity of 1,800 litres/minute.\n1 Armoured suction hose of 9 metres length, with wrenches.\n1 Metal strainer.\n1 Basket strainer.\n1 Three-way suction collecting-head.\n1 Suction adapter.",
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"sort_order": 124
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"prev_section": "60",
"next_section": "14"
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